1. Emergent Leadership
Leaders which arise from the group and have their base of power from followers rather than a higher authority. Example; elected leaders
Idiosyncrasy credits -- The freedom to violate group norms given to members who have contributed much to the group

2. Participative Leadership
Involving subordinates in making work-related decisions
Advantages: Motivation, Quality, Acceptance
Disadvantages: .Time and effort, Loss of power, Lack of knowledge or interest

3. Transformational Leadership
Leadership, which provides followers with a vision that instills commitment
Characteristics of transformational leadership
Individualized consideration
Intellectual stimulation
Charisma

4. The Charismatic Leader
Traits include self-confidence, dominance, and a strong conviction in one’s beliefs
They simultaneously hold high expectations and confidence in the abilities of their followers

5. Stages of Charismatic Leadership
Leader carefully assesses the need for change
Leader formulates a vision
The leader gets the subordinates to carry out the mission by setting an example of self-sacrifice or expertise that inspires confidence and trust

6. Gender and Leadership Style
Gender differences in leadership behavior -- Different expectations are held for male and female leaders
Gender difference in leadership style -- Women consistently are more participative in style or democratic than are men.

7. Reactions to Women as Leaders
Men can get away with more assertiveness, and being direct than can women
When women behaved in a directive way, they got more frowns and scowls, and negative headshakes than positive expressions. Men got more positives than negatives

8. Does Leadership Matter
Substitute or Neutralizer Person Production
Oriented Oriented
Subordinate Characteristics
1. Experience,
ability, training X (S)
2. Professional Orientation X (S) X (S)
3. Indifference to rewards X (N) X (N)
Task Characteristics
1. Routine & clear X (S)
2. Provides own feedback X (S)
3. Intrinsically satisfying X (S)

9. Does Leadership Matter?
Substitute or Neutralizer People Production
Oriented Oriented
Organizational Characteristic
1. Cohesive work group X (S) X(S)
2. Low position power X(N) X (N)
3. formalization X(S)
4. Inflexibility, rigid work X (N)
rules
5. Spatial distance between X (N) X (N)
leader and group