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SOFTWARE SYSTEMS SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
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PHYSICAL DEVICES MICROPROGRAMMING MACHINE LANGUAGE OPERATING SYSTEM COMPILERSINTERPRETERS BANKING SYSTEM AIRLINE RESERVATION WEB BROWSER APPLICATION PROGRAMS SYSTEM PROGRAMS HARDWARE
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SYSTEMS SOFTWARE OPERATING SYSTEMS COMPILERS INTERPRETERS
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OPERATING SYSTEMS DOS WINDOWS UNIX LINUX
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COMPILERS & INTERPRETERS SOURCE CODE - C, FORTRAN OBJECT CODE - 10011001
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Compiler: Translates an entire program at one time then executes. Compiled programs execute much faster. Compilation is usually a multi-step process. Compilers do not require space in memory when programs run.
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Interpreter: Translates a program line at a time while executing. Interpreted programs are slower because translation takes times. Interpretation translates in one step. Interpreters must be in memory while a program is running.
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PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES GENERATIONS 1GL MACHINE LANGUAGE 2GL ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE 3GL HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE 4GL FOURTH GEN. LANGUAGE 5GL FIFTH GEN. LANGUAGE
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MACHINE LANGUAGE LOWER LEVEL LANGUAGE Denoted by Binary Digits 0 & 1 Also known as Bits
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MACHINE LANGUAGE Fast Execution Machine Dependence Difficult to program Difficult to modify
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MACHINE LANGUAGE 10010010 00110101 Hey,this is easy! Hello! Fast Execution
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MACHINE LANGUAGE 1000011 ?? Machine Dependence
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MACHINE LANGUAGE Difficult to program
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Difficult to modify MACHINE LANGUAGE 1001???110 1111010??? Crash!
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ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE Easier to understand Easier to locate & correct errors Easier to modify ADD SUB MULT
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ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE Machine dependence Knowledge of hardware required
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HIGHER LEVEL LANGUAGE Procedure oriented English words and mathematical symbols Translated by compiler or interpreter THIRD GENERATION LANGUAGE
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HIGHER LEVEL LANGUAGE Machine independence Easy to learn and use Fewer errors Lower program preparation cost Easier to maintain
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HIGHER LEVEL LANGUAGE Lower efficiency Less flexible
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HIGHER LEVEL LANGUAGE FORTRAN-FORmula TRANSlation COBOL-Common Business Oriented Language BASIC- Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code PASCAL ALGOL- ALGOrithmic Language LOGO
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FOURTH GENERATION LANGUAGES – 4GLs Non-procedural language Interactive coding - menus Limited training period Emphasis on end results Increased productivity Increased memory requirements
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FOURTH GENERATION LANGUAGES – 4GLs Saves time and frees professional programmers for more complex tasks Easier to write Minimum syntax rules
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They require more computer power and processing time. FOURTH GENERATION LANGUAGES – 4GLs Less control over how each task is actually performed.
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FOURTH GENERATION LANGUAGES – 4GLs Used in artificial intelligence and expert systems. Also used for accessing databases. Examples: SQL QBE Visual Basic
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FIFTH GENERATION LANGUAGES – 5GLs Used in artificial intelligence and expert systems; also used for accessing databases. 5GLs are also nonprocedural languages and are also commonly used to query databases.
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SOFTWARE SYSTEMS SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES MACHINE LANGUAGE ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE 4 th GENERATION 5th GENERATION
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