1. Exotic Species: A species that is non native to the area. Invasive Species. An exotic species that dominates an ecosystem reducing the biodiversity.

2. Buckthorn:

3. Rhamnus cathartica 1 st brought to Minnesota from Europe as a hedging material The nursery industry stopped selling it in the 1930s – buckthorn hedges may still be found in neighborhoods throughout Minnesota

4. Buckthorn

5. Glossy

6. Easy to Identify when driving!!!

7. Takes over the understory within 10 years and will kill other plants.

8. Grows very thick and is hard to control once it’s established

9. Easy to pull if young.

10. Older trees need to be cut and sprayed with a herbicide

11. Does it really make a difference???

12. ODA buckthorn removal area!!

13. Collared Deer Travel data!!

14. Other Invasive:

15. Purple Loosestrife is an aquatic invasive

16. Garlic Mustard is a low growing invasive in wooded areas.