Architectural Styles Objective 6.01.

Architectural Styles Objective 6.01

Bell Ringer 9/9 Make sure Projects are Submitted…
Reflect on your E&P Projects What went well? What did not go so well? What would you do different next time?

Objective Identify Architectural Styles
LARGEST Objective – a majority of the Final Exam Questions will come from this one section!

Outline/Vocab (on your course outline sheet)
A. Historical/ Native American housing 1. Tepee 2. Pueblos 3. Adobe 4. Longhouse 5. Wigwam

Historical/ Native American Housing
The very first homes in America Each tribe used materials and resources from the surrounding environment The settlers mimicked these home styles

Use the map provided to sketch the type of Native American Housing found in each area of the United States as we go through the following slides.

Tepee A conical tent traditionally made of animal skins and wooden poles Used by Nomadic tribes Nomadic= tribe moved around frequently to follow food source Found in the Great Plains

Pueblo/Adobe Built by the Pueblo Indians Exterior walls of handmade brick made of straw and soil and baked in the sun Flat roofs Deep-set Windows Rough pole beams Stay cool in hot, dry weather Found in the Southwest

Long House Long, narrow, single-room building Built by the Iroquois tribe Built with local trees and covered in bark Several related families live in one house Built in the Northeast region

Wigwam Native American houses used by Algonquian Indians in the woodland areas Made of wooden frames and covered with woven mats and sheets of bark The frame can be shaped like a dome, like a cone, or like a rectangle with an arched roof Found in Northeast and into Canada

Igloo Snow houses used by the Inuit (Eskimos) of northern Canada and Alaska Dome-shaped and slightly excavated Built with large blocks of ice set in a spiral pattern and packed with snow to form a dome

Wattle and Daub Made by weaving rivercane, wood, and vines into a frame Coated with plaster Roof was either thatched with grass or shingled with bark Southeast Region

Plank House Made of long, flat planks of cedar wood Good houses for people in cold climates with lots of tall trees Northwest Region

Research Project Look at Timeline Description…
Today and Tomorrow work in your groups and FINISH Research. ON THURSDAY, we will make the timeline!

Bell Ringer 9/10 What is a wigwam?
A. Domelike structure made of reed mats wrapped around wood frames B. Domelike structure made of sun-dried bricks by the Southern Native Americans C. House made of clay by the western plains Native Americans D. House that cannot be moved from place to place an is made of twigs by the Southern Native Americans.

Objective Identify Architectural Styles

Next Big Project DUE MONDAY, 9/29 Architectural Style Research Project
Research Paper 3D Model!!! DUE MONDAY, 9/29

Examples…

Today Finish Research, print picture, and get ready to start putting everything on our timeline!

Bell Ringer /11 Get in your groups and get everything ready for the timeline…

Today Complete our timeline! Remaining Time – Work on Projects

Bell Ringer 9/12 Look at our timeline…
What are some of the styles on the timeline that look very similar?

B. Early American period ( ) 1. English influence a. Half timber b. Cape cod (Ell) c. Saltbox d. Garrison 2. German and Dutch (Dormers) 3. Spanish (Coquina) 4. French 5. Swedish/Scandinavian

E. Twentieth century 1. Revival styles a. Colonial Revival style b. Tudor style c. Chateariesque d. Mission 2. Modern a. Prairie b. Craftsman/Bungalow c. International

Early American Period (1640-1720)
English Influence- colonists Half-timber- Exposed wood framing; the spaces between the wooden timbers are filled with plaster, brick, or stone Cape cod- very simple; symmetrical with central chimney and central door Saltbox- long, pitched roof; one story in the back and two in the front; flat face and central chimney Garrison- two stories with the second-story overhanging in the front; exterior chimney on the end

Dutch Dormers- protrude from roof German Stone exterior Roof Between Floors

Spanish Coquina- Exterior stone used on forts Tile Roof and stucco exterior French Steep Roof Small windows Heavy wood shutters

Swedish/Scandinavian Log Cabins

Twentieth Century Revival styles Colonial Revival style
Similar to Georgian, Federal, Adam, Greek Revival Machine-made woodwork that had less depth and relief than earlier handmade versions

Twentieth Century Revival styles Tudor style Similar to Half-Timbre

Twentieth Century Revival styles Chateariesque
Based on French Renaissance Architecture Elaborate ornamentation, towers, spires, steep roofs

Twentieth Century Revival styles Mission
Similar to Spanish architectural style

Today Remaining Time – Work on Projects

Bell Ringer /15 The Swedes Built sturdy homes, which became a part of American folklore and were looked upon as truly American Buildings. What type of home is this? Stone Pueblo Log Cabin Brick VOCABULARY QUIZ!!

C. Eighteenth Century 1. Georgian a. Pilasters b. Pediment c. Cornice d. Porticos 2. Federal 3. Adams 4. Greek Revival /Early Classical Revival D. Nineteenth century 1. Romantic Revival period a. Gothic (Ginger Bread) b. Italiante 2. Victorian period a. Mansard (Second Empire) b. Queen Anne

Eighteenth Century Georgian
Pilasters- slightly-projecting columns built into or applied to the face of a wall Pediment- triangular section found above the door Cornice- horizontal decorative molding Porticos- small porch leading to the entrance of the house

Eighteenth Century

Eighteenth Century Federal Break away from English Style
America wanted its “own” style Thomas Jefferson- architect Simplified the Georgian Style

Eighteenth Century Adam Gabled Roof (triangular) Cornice
Fanlights over windows and doorways

Eighteenth Century Greek Revival /Early Classical Revival
Large, rectangular homes Two-story portico supported by columns Typically painted white Many American government buildings

Eighteenth Century

Nineteenth Century Romantic Revival Gothic Italiante Gingerbread Trim
Borrowed from Italian villas Square tower on top Long, narrow windows

Nineteenth Century

Nineteenth Century Victorian (named for Queen Victoria)
Mansard (Second Empire) Roof with steep sides and a double pitch Queen Anne Overabundance of decorative trim High porches Tall windows and towers

Nineteenth Century

Bell Ringer /16 The oldest Spanish House in existence in the US today is located in Florida and built using what material? Brick Coquina Wood Cement and Block

E. Twentieth century 2. Modern a. Prairie b. Craftsman/Bungalow c. International F. Mid Twentieth century to present 1. Postwar modern a. Ranch b. Contemporary c. Split-level d. Shed 2. Traditional 3. Innovative a. A-Frame b. Geodesic dome

Twentieth Century Modern styles Prairie Craftsman/Bungalow
International

Twentieth Century

Mid-Twentieth Century to Present
Postwar modern Ranch One story Split-level Levels separated by two flights of stairs Contemporary Unique design that forms a unit with the site Shed Separate angled roofs and wood exterior

Postwar modern

Traditional – anything built recently that mimics older styles

Innovative A-Frame Geodesic dome- most efficient Solar Earthen Sheltered

FRIDAY QUIZ on ALL ARCHITECTURAL STYLES!

MONDAY Rough Draft for Projects

9/17 Get a laptop or desk top computer and make sure it has Sketch-Up!

Objective Produce Computer-Aided Floorplan Design

Computer-aided design skills: A. Usage of design software 1. Categories of design 2. Symbol library 3. Analogies 4. Professional Use B. Produce a computer-aided design floor plan

AutoCAD Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software for 2D and 3D design and drafting Created in 1982

AutoCAD

Sketch-Up A 3D modeling program marketed by Google
Designed for architecture, engineering, filmmaking, game development, etc. Designed for ease of use Has a 3D warehouse that enables users to search for, download and contribute free models.

Sketch-Up

Sketch-Up First, Download the Free Program (if not already of your computer) Next, let’s watch some tutorials to teach you how to use the program html Videos 1 - 3

Sketch-Up Follow Video 4 to create a table. Print and glue this in your notebook when you are finished! WILL BE GRADED!!

Activity Use SketchUp to draw your Architectural Style House
Drawings also due on 9/29 as part of your grade! You can also use them in your presentation…

QUIZ 6.01 Quiz on all architectural styles on Friday!!!
Review timeline!!

9/18 Sketch-Up Drawings! Rough Drafts Due on MONDAY!! QUIZ TOMORROW

Bell Ringer /19 Review for Quiz

Today Quiz Part I- Multiple Choice
Quiz Part II- Picture Identification on Board!

Landscapes Objective 6.04

Bell Ringer 9/22 What styles did you struggle with on Friday
Let’s review them and go over correct answers…

Objective Design a plan incorporating natural and manufactured landscape elements

Natural and manufactured landscape elements: A. Define use of space 1. Evaluate terrain/topography 2. Existing structure orientation B. Identify outside living space 1. Patio 2. Deck 3. Walks/Paths 4. Gardens 5. Courtyards 6. Porches 7. Watergardens 8. Walls

C. Natural elements 1. Trees and Shrubs a. Deciduous b. Evergreen 2. Flowers a. Annuals b. Perennials 3. Ground cover 4. Rocks D. Manufacturing elements 1. Fences 2. Walkway materials 3. Lighting 4. Fountains/yard art 5. Pergola 6. Gazebo

E. Xeriscaping F. Landscape plans 1. Evaluation a. Public b. Service c. Private 2. Development

Landscaping Purpose of landscaping = to create a personal, pleasant, and functional environment outside of the home Is as important as a piece of furniture or artwork is to the design of a home Why is the landscaping around a home important?

Use of Space Topography = the physical characteristics of the land
Best type of land is gentle, rolling terrain with natural drainage Orientation = the direction the home sits on the land; maximizing sunlight, air circulation, & natural beauty Why is this important to consider before planning a home site/landscaping?

Use of Space

Outside Living Spaces Patio vs. Deck/Porch
Patio = ground level, made of concrete/masonry Deck/porch = above ground, usually made of pressure treated wood

Outside Living Spaces Gardens vs. Courtyards Watergardens Walls
Similar, but courtyards are surrounded by some sort of walls or building structures Watergardens Size, shape, & construction should be consistent with the climate & rest of the landscape design (think proportion!) Walls Serve as a boundary, enclose areas, provide privacy

Walkways Purpose: provide walking space, connects areas of a garden, provides natural break in landscape Walkways should be at least 3 feet wide Informal walkways are usually made from: loose stone, flagstone, wood chips, etc… Most expensive material to build walkway = masonry (brick)

Natural Elements Trees & Shrubs
Deciduous = plants that shed or lose foliage at end of season Evergreen = plants with foliage that remains green all year round

Natural Elements Flowers
Annuals – flowering plant that only lives 1 year/season Perennials – flowering plant that lives at least more than 2 years Petunia Snapdragon Daylily Iris

Manufacturing Elements
Other items that can be added to the landscape design: Fences Special Lighting Fountains/yard art Pergola Gazebo

Fencing

Special Lighting

Fountains/Yard Art

Pergolas & Gazebos A pergola is lattice-type framework, consisting of uprights and crossbeams, which support climbing plants. They are open and do not have a closed roof. A gazebo is a type of pavilion structure, which is sometimes hexagonal or octagonal, but often round; typically has domed

Pergolas & Gazebos

Xeriscaping Reduce or Eliminate need for supplemental water
Promoted in dry regions due to lack of water Landscape to conserve water Choosing plants that don’t need too much water Using natural watering techniques Choose plants that are native to the location

Xeriscaping Advantages: Lowers consumption of water
More water available for other community uses and environment Less time and work to maintain Little or no lawn mowing

Landscape Plans Public- Community Planning
Service- Hospitals, Schools, etc. Private- Residences * Refer to handout for common landscaping symbols used on these plans… glue into notebook

Landscape Plans

Activity #1 Read pages and complete worksheet

Activity #2 Use the colored pencils to create a landscape plan on the sheet provided

Bell Ringer /23 What is the difference between a patio and a deck? Sketch an example of each.

Today Plan your Landscape for your models!!
Remember to include this in your research paper as a paragraph. Add the landscape plan to your sketch-up floorplan of the house. Use the symbols that I provided you today as well as any that you can find in the 3D warehouse Use at least 3 natural elements and 2 manufactured elements. Now brainstorm how you can ACTUALLY CREATE this plan on your 3D models!

WORK DAY 9/24 Work on Projects!! DUE Monday!
Also- QUIZ on Friday! only

Bell Ringer /26 Review for Quiz (6.04)

TODAY Work on Projects!! DUE Monday!

Bell Ringer 9/29-9/30 Get ready for your PRESENTATIONS! RUBRIC!!!!
Model PowerPoint ( to me: Paper Rough Draft Sketch-Up (Can also be in PowerPoint) TAKE PICTURE OF PROJECT FOR FINAL PORTFOLIO!!!

Architectural Styles Objective 6.01.

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