1. Functional Dependency Grammars
Andreea Gagea (cas. Macovei)
Faculty of Computer Science Iasi

2. Dependency Grammar
- dependency between grammatical units; - Lucien Tesnière -1959; - the main aim: to parse natural language and generate tree banks; - dependency versus constituency;

4. Dependency Grammar Formalisms: Theoretical Frameworks and Implementations
- Algebraic Syntax - Operator Grammar - Lexicase Dependency Grammar - Functional Generative Description (FGD) - Meaning-Text Theory (MTT) - Word Grammar (WG) - Topological/Extensible Dependency Grammar (XDG) - Constraint Dependency Grammar ([W]CDG) - Functional Dependency Grammar (FDG)

5. Functional Dependency Grammar (FDG)
1. Definition
- introduced by Tapanainen and Järvinen (1997);
- with two conceptually different components: regular language based analysis and structural dependency graphs;
- the first computer implementation of Tesnière’s Dependency Theory.

6. 2. Structure
- Nucleus - Connexions - Syntactic head

7. 3. Examples

8. a) What would you like me to do?
- structural dependency graph
the directed relations between the nuclei of the sentence
b) Did the dog run in the house?
- five nuclei in the sentence

9. 4. Applications for FDG
a) Connexor - a language technology provider ; - supports ten European languages (English, French, Spanish, German, Italian, Dutch, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian and Finnish); b) Link Grammar - a syntactic parser of English and other languages; - with a dictionary of about word forms.

10. a) Connexor:
Sentence: John has two apples.
Structure:

11. Components :

12. b) Link Grammar:
Sentence: John has two apples. Structure:

13. 5. Problematical Aspects
- Ambiguous sentences;
- Only a few studies concerning Romanian language processing;
- Costs;

14. 6. Bibliography
- Pasi Tapanainen (1999), Parsing in two frameworks: finite- state and functional dependency grammar, Chapter 3, University of Helsinki, Finland
- T. Järvinen P. Tapanainen (1997), A dependency parser for English, Technical Report no. TR-1, Department of General Linguistics, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Connexor:
- Link Grammar:
- Gramatici de dependenta: c/gramatici-general.pdf
- Dependency Grammars : proj%2F533%2Ffmnl08-dependency.pdf&id=533

15. Thank you!