1. Solubility Unit III Lesson 1

2. Solubility is a measure of the maximum amount of solid that will dissolve in a volume of water. Units: g/L mol/Lg/100mL Or even: mL/Lfor CO 2(g) in water The unit must have an amount on the top and volume on the bottom! In order to determine the solubility you must completely fill or saturate the solution! To saturate the solution you must add weighed portions of the solid to a given volume of water and stir until no more will dissolve. A small amount of excess solid will be present in the saturated solution.

3. NaCl 10.0 g Determining The Solubility of NaCl Take 100 mL of water Add measured portions of NaCl and stir to dissolve

4. NaCl Determining The Solubility of NaCl

5. NaCl Determining The Solubility of NaCl The solution is stirred and it all dissolves

6. NaCl Determining The Solubility of NaCl The solution is stirred and it all dissolves

7. Na + Cl - Amount NaCl Dissolved 10.0 g Determining The Solubility of NaCl The solution is stirred and it all dissolves Rate of dissolving > Rate of crystallization

8. Na + Cl - NaCl 10.0 g Amount NaCl Dissolved 10.0 g Determining The Solubility of NaCl Add more since the solution is not full

9. Na + Cl - NaCl Amount NaCl Dissolved 10.0 g Determining The Solubility of NaCl

10. Na + Cl - NaCl Amount NaCl Dissolved 10.0 g Determining The Solubility of NaCl The solution is stirred and it all dissolves

11. Na + Cl - NaCl Amount NaCl Dissolved 10.0 g Determining The Solubility of NaCl The solution is stirred and it all dissolves

12. Na + Cl - Amount NaCl Dissolved 10.0 g Determining The Solubility of NaCl The solution is stirred and it all dissolves Rate of dissolving > Rate of crystallization

13. Na + Cl - Amount NaCl Dissolved 10.0 g NaCl 10.0 g Determining The Solubility of NaCl Add more since the solution is not full

14. Na + Cl - Amount NaCl Dissolved 10.0 g NaCl Determining The Solubility of NaCl

15. Na + Cl - Amount NaCl Dissolved 10.0 g NaCl Determining The Solubility of NaCl The solution is stirred and it all dissolves

16. Na + Cl - Amount NaCl Dissolved 10.0 g NaCl Determining The Solubility of NaCl The solution is stirred and it all dissolves

17. Na + Cl - Amount NaCl Dissolved 10.0 g Determining The Solubility of NaCl The solution is stirred and it all dissolves Rate of dissolving > Rate of crystallization

18. Na + Cl - Amount NaCl Dissolved 10.0 g NaCl 3.0 g Determining The Solubility of NaCl Add more since the solution is not full

19. Na + Cl - Amount NaCl Dissolved 10.0 g NaCl Determining The Solubility of NaCl

20. Na + Cl - Amount NaCl Dissolved 10.0 g NaCl The solution is stirred and it all dissolves Determining The Solubility of NaCl

21. Na + Cl - Amount NaCl Dissolved 10.0 g NaCl The solution is stirred and it all dissolves Determining The Solubility of NaCl

22. Na + Cl - Amount NaCl Dissolved 10.0 g 3.0 g The solution is stirred and it all dissolves Rate of dissolving > Rate of crystallization Determining The Solubility of NaCl

23. Na + Cl - Amount NaCl Dissolved 10.0 g 3.0 g NaCl 1.0 g Determining The Solubility of NaCl Add more since the solution is not full

24. Na + Cl - Amount NaCl Dissolved 10.0 g 3.0 g Determining The Solubility of NaCl NaCl

25. Na + Cl - Amount NaCl Dissolved 10.0 g 3.0 g Determining The Solubility of NaCl NaCl

26. Na + Cl - Amount NaCl Dissolved 10.0 g 3.0 g 33.0 g/100 mL Determining The Solubility of NaCl NaCl (s) Rate of dissolving = Rate of crystallization A bit of solid (1 g) sits on the bottom The solution is stirred and it does not dissolve! The solution is full or saturated.

27. Amount NaCl Dissolved 10.0 g 3.0 g 33.0 g/100 mL The solution is stirred and it does not dissolve! The solution is full or saturated. Determining The Solubility of NaCl Na + Cl - NaCl (s) Rate of dissolving = Rate of crystallization A bit of solid sits on the bottom This tells you that the solution is saturated and that it is in equilibrium

28. Calculate the solubility in units of g/L and mole/L. Solubility=33.0 g 0.100 L =330. g/L s =molar solubility=the molarity to saturate =33.0 g x 1 mole 58.5 g 0.100 L =5.60 M

29. 33.0 g/100 mL Na + Cl - NaCl (s) A bit of solid sits on the bottom This tells you that the solution is saturated and that it is in equilibrium Since this is an equilibrium lets write the Equilibrium Equation:NaCl (s) ⇌ Na + + Cl - Expression:Keq= [Na + ][Cl - ] do not count a solid! Because this Keq is special and based on the solubility of a solid it is called a solubility product or Ksp. Ksp= [Na + ][Cl - ]

30. This unit is all about the Ksp and the solubility of saturated solutions.

31. There are three types of solutions. Unsaturated Contains less than the maximum amount of dissolved solid Not at equilibrium Add more solid and it will dissolve The rate of dissolving > the rate of crystallizing

32. There are three types of solutions. Saturated Contains the maximum amount of dissolved solid At equilibrium Add more solid and it does not dissolve The rate of dissolving is equal to the rate of crystallization

33. There are three types of solutions. Supersaturated Contains more than the usual maximum amount of dissolved solid Not at equilibrium Add more solid and more solid precipitates The rate of dissolving is less than the rate of crystallization

34. What we just calculated was exact solubility. The data book page 4 gives us relative solubility. High Solubility means >.1 M Low Solubility means .1M Classify as high or low solubility. Na 3 PO 4

35. What we just calculated was exact solubility. The data book page 4 gives us relative solubility. High Solubility means >.1 M Low Solubility means .1M Classify as high or low solubility. Na 3 PO 4 High H 2 SO 4

36. What we just calculated was exact solubility. The data book page 4 gives us relative solubility. High Solubility means >.1 M Low Solubility means .1M Classify as high or low solubility. Na 3 PO 4 High H 2 SO 4 High Ca(NO 3 ) 2

37. What we just calculated was exact solubility. The data book page 4 gives us relative solubility. High Solubility means >.1 M Low Solubility means .1M Classify as high or low solubility. Na 3 PO 4 High H 2 SO 4 High Ca(NO 3 ) 2 High CaSO 4

38. What we just calculated was exact solubility. The data book page 4 gives us relative solubility. High Solubility means >.1 M Low Solubility means .1M Classify as high or low solubility. Na 3 PO 4 High H 2 SO 4 High Ca(NO 3 ) 2 High CaSO 4 Low FeSO 4

39. What we just calculated was exact solubility. The data book page 4 gives us relative solubility. High Solubility means >.1 M Low Solubility means .1M Classify as high or low solubility. Na 3 PO 4 High H 2 SO 4 High Ca(NO 3 ) 2 High CaSO 4 Low FeSO 4 High

40. Classify as high or low solubility. Ag 2 SO 4

41. Classify as high or low solubility. Ag 2 SO 4 low CuSO 4

42. Classify as high or low solubility. Ag 2 SO 4 low CuSO 4 high CuCl 2

43. Classify as high or low solubility. Ag 2 SO 4 low CuSO 4 high CuCl 2 high CuCl

44. Classify as high or low solubility. Ag 2 SO 4 low CuSO 4 high CuCl 2 high CuCl low BaS

45. Classify as high or low solubility. Ag 2 SO 4 low CuSO 4 high CuCl 2 high CuCl low BaS high K 2 CO 3

46. Classify as high or low solubility. Ag 2 SO 4 low CuSO 4 high CuCl 2 high CuCl low BaS High K 3 CO 3 high

47. Ionic SolutionsMolecular Solutions NaCl (aq) C 6 H 12 O 6 (aq) metal Ca(OH) 2(aq) C 12 H 22 O 11 (aq) nonmetal (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4(aq) CH 3 OH (aq) Ca(CH 3 COO) 2(aq) O 2(aq) H 2 SO 4(aq) N 2 H 4 (aq) Conduct electricityDo not conduct electricity

48. Write dissociation (ionic) or dissolving (molecular) equations for the first six compounds to show how each dissolves in water. The first five are solids and the sixth one is a liquid. NaCl (s)  Na + +Cl - C 6 H 12 O 6 (s)  C 6 H 12 O 6 (aq) Ca(OH) 2(s)  Ca 2+ +2OH - C 12 H 22 O 11 (s)  C 12 H 22 O 11 (aq) (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4(s)  3NH 4 + +PO 4 3- CH 3 OH (l)  CH 3 OH (aq)

49. Equilibrium Expressions for Saturated Solutions Write the equation for equilibrium present in a saturated solution of Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 solution. Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3(s) ⇌ 2Al 3+ +3SO 4 2- Write the equilibrium expression or solubility product Solubility Product=Ksp= [Al 3+ ] 2 [SO 4 2- ] 3

50. Equilibrium Expressions for Saturated Solutions Write the equation for equilibrium present in a saturated solution of Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 solution. Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2(s) ⇌ 3Ca 2+ +2PO 4 3- Write the equilibrium expression or solubility product Solubility Product=Ksp= [Ca 2+ ] 3 [PO 4 3- ] 2