1. FOOTINGS

2. FOUNDATION
Transfers load from super structure to the natural foundation (soil).
Distribute the load uniformly to the soil.
Provide firm and level platform for the construction of super structure.
Provide stability against external forces such as wind, rain, EQ, landslide etc.
It avoids or reduce excessive settlement (both uniform & differential).

3. TYPES OF FOUNDATION SHALLOW FOUNDATION (D/B < 1)
DEEP FOUNDATION (D/B > 1)

4. TYPES OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION
Wall or Strip Footing
Isolated or Single Footing
Combined Footing
Cantilever or Strap Footing
Raft or mat Foundation

5. WALL OR STRIP FOOTING

6. ISOLATED OR SINGLE FOOTING

7. COMBINED FOOTING

8. CONTINUOUS FOOTING

9. CANTILEVER OR STRAP FOOTING

10. RAFT OR MAT FOUNDATION

11. RAFT OR MAT FOUNDATION

12. TYPES OF DEEP FOUNDATION
Pile Foundation
Well Foundation

13. CLASSIFICATION OF PILES
Method of load transfer
Function or action
Composition and Material
Installation

14. METHOD OF LOAD TRANSFER
End Bearing Pile
Friction Pile

15. END BEARING PILE

16. FRICTION PILE

18. Tension or uplift piles Anchor piles Fender piles Sheet piles
FUNCTION OR ACTION
Compaction Piles
Tension or uplift piles
Anchor piles
Fender piles
Sheet piles

20. COMPOSITION AND MATERIAL
Timber Piles
Steel Piles
Concrete Piles
Composite Piles

21. INSTALLATION
Driven pile or Precast pile
Cast in situ piles

22. Driven pile or Precast pile

23. Cast in situ piles

24. WELL FOUNDATION Well curb Cutting edge Steining Bottom plug Top plug
Well cap

25. WELL FOUNDATION

26. WELL FOUNDATION

27. SHAPES OF WELLS