1. The Struggle for Liberty
Chapter 4 Section 3
The Struggle for Liberty

2. Supporting the War Effort
George Washington
Had to raise troops
Often younger than 16
Poor, non-property owners
Army offered low pay, harsh conditions and high chance of death
Men who could afford it, often paid others to take their place in war

3. Recruiting soldiers Should African Americans be recruited?
Many white southerners opposed it
British start offering freedom to slaves who fought- thousands joined the British
Continental Army starts allowing free African Americans to serve
Women ran farms and businesses, raised money, made clothing, raised supplies,
Some women nurses and spies

4. Canada
Because shortage of supplies, many Patriots want to fight defensive war
Some want to attack Canada make it 14th colony
General Montgomery captures Montreal in Nov
Benedict Arnold tries to take Quebec and fails miserably~ending quest for Canada

5. New York Washington moves troops to New York and waits for British
June 1776 British arrive by boat
General Howe (British) forced Washington off Long Island, NY
Eventually pushed Washington behind the Hudson River
Crushing loss is a revenge for Howe’s loss of Boston

6. New Jersey November 1776 Continental Army on the run
Washington’s men would soon leave due to service being up
Howe thinks the rebellion almost over-left New Jersey in the hands of the Hessians-mercenaries from German states-fight for pay not loyalty
Dec. 7, 1776 Washington gets fresh troops

7. New Jersey cont;
“These are the times that try men’s souls” Thomas Paine from The American Crisis-a series of pamphlets
Washington takes a chance and attacks Hessians
Dec. 24-rows across Delaware River and surprise attacks
Battle of Trenton-Won by Patriots
Cornwallis tries to helps but Washington circles round and wins big victory!

8. Saratoga British Gen. John Burgoyne pushes through NY
Tries to cut off New England from other colonies
Howe moves into Philadelphia
Patriots try to bog down the British
Battle of Saratoga-Americans win-turning point of the war
Foreign aid comes to the Americans-France/Spain and Holland

9. Remarkable Europeans
Marquis de Lafayette-young Frenchman takes ship to America, brought well trained soldiers to help fight
Became a skilled commander
Gave $200,000 of his own money
Wrote letters to powerful friends for help

10. Baron Friedrich von Steuben
Prussian who served under Washington
Trained American troops
Turns young inexperienced troops into strong fighting force

11. Benjamin Franklin Went to France to ask for help
King Louis XVI agreed to help after the Battle of Saratoga
Supplies, ammunition, navy

12. Help from Spain Bernardo de Galvez-governor of Spanish Louisiana
Spanish joined the war in 1779
Make way up coast to Pensacola, FL

13. Winter at Valley Forge
Continental Army was running low on food and clothing
Lacked very basic provisions
Rough times but the soldiers suffered and continued to stay focused
2000 soldiers died
British lived a live of luxury in Philadelphia

14. War at Sea French Navy aided the colonists
British Navy stronger but not used effectively
Fall 1775 Continental Army makes plans for building warships-established Marines
By Feb had 8 merchant ships adapted as fighting navy
Attack British supply lines
Attack Nassau, Bahamas and win

15. John Paul Jones Left Scotland after mutiny on ship killed captain
Volunteers for Navy
captured many British supply ships
France gives him seven ships, including “Bonhomme Richard”
Captured British Serapis
“I have not yet begun to fight”

16. War in the West Native Americans wanted for each side
George Rogers Clark-volunteered to lead the western campaign
Created scattered Army settlements
Attacked trading villages
Clark attacked Fort Sackville near Vincennes-with flags and fire tricked the British
In general, the British had more success with Native Americans but Clark continued to make the campaign hard