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Old Testament Overview Part 2
Discipleship Class October 7, 2014
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Simplified OT Timeline
Birth of Christ ~5,500BC 2,500BC 2,000BC 1,500BC 1,000BC
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Simplified OT Timeline
Adam Abraham Moses David Noah Birth of Christ ~5,500BC 2,500BC 2,000BC 1,500BC 1,000BC
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Old Testament Table of Contents
The Law Historical Wisdom/Poetry Major Prophets Minor Prophets Wisdom of Solomon Wisdom of Sirach Baruch Tobit Judith 1,2 Maccabees
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Old Testament Table of Contents
The Law Historical Wisdom/Poetry Major Prophets Minor Prophets
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Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Joshua Judges Ruth
I Samuel II Samuel I Kings II Kings I Chronicles II Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah Esther Job Psalms Proverbs Ecclesiastes Song of Songs The Pentateuch (Judaism: Torah) Old Testament History Wisdom and Poetry Isaiah Jeremiah Lamentations Ezekiel Daniel Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi Acts of the Apostles Matthew Mark Luke John The Minor Prophets The Major Prophets The Gospels and Acts Romans I Corinthians II Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians I Thessalonians II Thessalonians I Timothy II Timothy Titus Philemon Hebrews James I Peter II Peter I John II John III John Jude Revelation Writings of the Apostles
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The Kingdom Years
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The Kingdom Years 1 Kings 1-10: What is taking place?
Read 1 Kings 11:1-3 (reference Deut. 17:14-20) Read 1 Kings 11:9-13 Result = Divided Kingdom Northern Kingdom = Israel (10 tribes) Southern Kingdom = Judah (Judah, Benjamin)
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Southern Kingdom of Judah
Category Northern Kingdom of Israel 19 Kings, 1 Queen Kings 19 Kings Jerusalem Capital Samaria Judah & Benjamin Tribes Ten Northern Tribes Most were unstable; some were good, some were bad Legacy of Kings All were bad Conquered by Babylon in 586 B.C. Fall Conquered by Assyria in 722 B.C. Returned to the land Return No Return
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Prophetic Perspective: Judgments
Kings Chronicles Prophetic Perspective: Judgments Priestly Perspective: Hope Wars Prominent Temple Prominent History of thrones History of Davidic line Israel & Judah Mostly Judah Jeremiah the Prophet Ezra the Priest
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Pre-Exile Prophets Israel Joel Elijah Isaiah Elisha Micah Jonah Nahum
Amos Hosea Judah Joel Isaiah Micah Nahum Zephaniah Habakkuk Jeremiah (Pre and during) Obadiah Israel Elijah Elisha Jonah Amos Hosea Judah Joel Isaiah Micah Nahum Zephaniah Habakkuk Jeremiah Obadiah Ezekiel
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Exile Prophets Post-Exile Prophets Haggai Zechariah Malachi Jeremiah
Ezekiel Daniel Post-Exile Prophets Haggai Zechariah Malachi Israel Elijah Elisha Jonah Amos Hosea Judah Joel Isaiah Micah Nahum Zephaniah Habakkuk Jeremiah Obadiah Ezekiel
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Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Joshua Judges Ruth
I Samuel II Samuel I Kings II Kings I Chronicles II Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah Esther Job Psalms Proverbs Ecclesiastes Song of Songs The Pentateuch (Judaism: Torah) Old Testament History Wisdom and Poetry Isaiah Jeremiah Lamentations Ezekiel Daniel Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi Acts of the Apostles Matthew Mark Luke John The Minor Prophets The Major Prophets The Gospels and Acts Romans I Corinthians II Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians I Thessalonians II Thessalonians I Timothy II Timothy Titus Philemon Hebrews James I Peter II Peter I John II John III John Jude Revelation Writings of the Apostles
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Captivity of Northern Kingdom
Israel (Northern Kingdom) was conquered by Assyrians in 722 BC and the scattered people were known as the “Lost Tribes of Israel” Read 2 Kings 17:5-6 Never returned
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Captivity of Southern Kingdom
Judah (Southern Kingdom) was eventually destroyed by Babylon in 586 BC and inhabitants were held in captivity (called the Exile or Babylonian Captivity) for 70 years. Why seventy years of captivity? (See Leviticus 25:3-4 and Jeremiah 29:10) Read 2 Chronicles 36:21
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2 Kings 25:8-21; 2 Chronicles 36:17-21
Babylonian Exile 2 Kings 25:8-21; 2 Chronicles 36:17-21 The Babylonians killed the young men. Took all the articles from the house of God, the treasures of the king and of his leaders. Burned the house of God, all the king’s palaces, all houses in Jerusalem. Broke down the wall of Jerusalem. Carried the people to Babylon to serve the king of Babylon. The Babylonians killed the young men took all the articles from the house of God, the treasures of the king and of his leaders burned the house of God, all the king’s palaces, all houses in Jerusalem broke down the wall of Jerusalem carried the people to Babylon to serve the king of Babylon
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Tears in Exile (Psalm 137) 1 By the rivers of Babylon we sat and wept when we remembered Zion. 2 There on the poplars we hung our harps, 3 for there our captors asked us for songs, our tormentors demanded songs of joy; they said, “Sing us one of the songs of Zion!” 4 How can we sing the songs of the Lord while in a foreign land? 5 If I forget you, Jerusalem, may my right hand forget its skill. 6 May my tongue cling to the roof of my mouth if I do not remember you, if I do not consider Jerusalem my highest joy. 7 Remember, Lord, what the Edomites did on the day Jerusalem fell. “Tear it down,” they cried, “tear it down to its foundations!” 8 Daughter of Babylon, doomed to destruction, happy is the one who repays you according to what you have done to us. 9 Happy is the one who seizes your infants and dashes them against the rocks.
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Post-exile term coming from the word “Judah”
Return to the Land ~538 BC, the Babylonian empire fell and was replaced by the Persian empire. Persian King Cyrus allowed return of Jews to the land. Jews came back in 3 waves Post-exile term coming from the word “Judah”
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Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Joshua Judges Ruth
I Samuel II Samuel I Kings II Kings I Chronicles II Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah Esther Job Psalms Proverbs Ecclesiastes Song of Songs The Pentateuch (Judaism: Torah) Old Testament History Wisdom and Poetry Isaiah Jeremiah Lamentations Ezekiel Daniel Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi Acts of the Apostles Matthew Mark Luke John The Minor Prophets The Major Prophets The Gospels and Acts Romans I Corinthians II Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians I Thessalonians II Thessalonians I Timothy II Timothy Titus Philemon Hebrews James I Peter II Peter I John II John III John Jude Revelation Writings of the Apostles
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Return to the Land Ezra: Book of Ezra continues where 2 Chronicles left off. Now the Jews have been freed and the first wave is coming back to rebuild the temple. Three returns back to Israel. (In the beginning, Ezra is not there, just giving a history) 1st return under Zerubabbel (536 BC): Ezra 2:1,2, 64, 65 (42,360 Jews plus 7,337 servants)
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Return to the Land Start rebuilding the temple (Ezra 3:3, 8-10) but are discouraged by their enemies (Ezra 4) and work on the temple stops for 16 years until God sends Haggai and Zechariah (Ezra 5:1, Haggai 1-2, Zechariah 1:1-3) 2nd return under Ezra (458 BC): (Ezra 7:6-10) Ezra tries to restore the people spiritually and teach theme the laws and statutes of God. 3rd return under Nehemiah (444 BC) (Nehemiah comes to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem)
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1st Return under Zerubbabel & rebuilding Temple
Ezra 1-6 Ezra 7-10 B.C. Events of Book of Esther Book of Esther 473 B.C. 2nd Return under Ezra B.C. 3rd Return under Nehemiah & rebuilding walls Book of Nehemiah B.C.
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Isaiah Jeremiah Saw the Northern Kingdom of Israel taken into Captivity at the hands of Assyria Saw the Southern Kingdom of Judah taken into Captivity at the hands of Babylon Foretold of the judgments that would come in the future Explained the reasons for the judgments Judah was experiencing Looks primarily to the future Looks primarily to the present
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Oracles against Nations
Ezekiel 1 - 24 Oracles against Judah Oracles against Nations Oracles of Salvation Ezekiel’s call (1-2) Judgment (3-7) Temple (8-11) Judgment (12-14) Pictures (15-19) Judgment (20-23) Pictures (24) Amon Moab Edom Philistia Tyre Sidon Egypt Watchman (33) Restoration (34-37) Gog & Magog (38-39) New Temple (40-48)
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Seven Historical Narratives Four Prophetic Visions
Overview of Daniel 1st half Second half Written in the Third Person Written in the First Person Seven Historical Narratives Four Prophetic Visions Written in Aramaic Written in Hebrew Prophetic History relating to the Gentiles Prophetic History relating to the Jews
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Conclusion Why should I study the Old Testament?
Great characters that we can learn from Get to know the character of God The New Testament cannot be completely understood without understanding the Old Testament 25 Then He said to them, “O foolish ones, and slow of heart to believe in all that the prophets have spoken! 26 Ought not the Christ to have suffered these things and to enter into His glory?” 27 And beginning at Moses and all the Prophets, He expounded to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning Himself. (Luke 24:25-27)
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