1. INTERNATIONAL & FOREIGN LEGAL RESEARCH : AN OVERVIEW Peggy McDermott, M.L.S., J.D. mcdermmh@slu.edu

2. International Law Public International Law Treaties and International Agreements (Law Among Nations) Private International Law Conflict of Laws when the laws of more than one state are involved. Foreign Law Laws of individual States

3. I need to find a Tax Treaty between the United States and Germany. Where Do I Start ? PAPER Guides and Pathfinders: Guide to International Legal Research (George Washington University Journal of Law and Economics.) Ref. KZ 1234 / G 85 INTERNET American Society of International Law (ASIL) Electronic Resource Guide http://www.asil.or g/erghome.cfm

4. http://www.asil.org/electronic-resources.cfm American Society of International Law

5. ASIL ELECTRONIC RESOURCE GUIDE Subjects

7. GENERAL INTERNATIONAL LAW

8. TREATY COLLECTIONS

10. Sources of International Law Primary Sources Constitutions Treaties Statutes Decisions of International Tribunals Secondary Sources Legal Treatises Yearbooks and Digests (many available on HeinOnline) Periodicals – International Legal Materials

11. Constitutions Constitutions of the Countries of the World Available electronically from the Law Library’s Homepage. http://law.slu.edu/library/http://law.slu.edu/library/ Government Publications – Check with the staff of your Law Library Internet Official Sites – European Union, UN, Government Non-governmental Sites (NGOs)

12. Treaties and International Agreements Official Government Publications (UST) Treaty Actions http://www.state.gov/s/l/treaty/c3428.htm International Organizations United Nations Treaties http://treaties.un.org Secondary Sources

13. Department of State – Treaty Actions

15. UNITED NATIONS TREATY COLLECTION STATUS UNTS http://treaties.un.org/Pages/Home.aspx?lang=en

16. Statutes / Legislation Official Compilations Commercial Publications – Full-text or Digests (Martindale-Hubbell International Law Digest - Lexis.) Electronic Compilations Internet Lexis/Westlaw

17. Decisions of International Tribunals Official Compilations Official Web Sites – For example International Court of Justice http://www.icj-cij.org Secondary Sources Periodicals – ILM (International Legal Materials) Associations/Organizations

18. How Do I Evaluate a Web Site ? Accuracy and Quality of the Site Full- text or summaries ? How frequently is the site updated ? How reliable is the Web site ? What is the language ? English ?

19. General Research Guides and Collections of International Sites ASIL Site http://www.asil.org/erghome.cfmhttp://www.asil.org/erghome.cfm Georgetown Law Library http://www.ll.georgetown.edu/intl/intl.html University of Chicago: Foreign & International http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/law/intl/foreign.html Washburn University School of Law-Washlaw http://www.washlaw.edu/forint/

20. ASIL ELECTRONIC RESEARCH GUIDE

21. Georgetown Law Library’s Research Guides MEGASITES RESEARCH GUIDES

22. University of Chicago

23. WASHLAW – FOREIGN & INTERNATIONAL LAW

26. Treaty Research Why do I need to know how to do treaty research ? This Constitution and the Laws of the United States … and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States shall be the supreme Law of the Land … (Art. VI, Section 2)

27. But there are also practical considerations -- Your Client may be involved in an agreement for the sale of goods to a buyer in another country. This transaction will be governed by a treaty, the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods unless you provide otherwise.

28. What is a Treaty ? Treaty is an international agreement concluded between States in written form and governed by international law. Treaties may be called Accords, Conventions, Protocols, Memorandums of Understanding, or Charters. (Requires 2/3 vote of the Senate). They are legally binding.

29. There are Numerous Elements to Treaty Research Finding the Full- Text -- most commercial publishers have begun to make full texts available shortly after their release or ratification. Determining the Status of the Treaty. Who has signed and ratified the treaty ? Has the treaty been amended by subsequent protocols or amendments ?

30. What Information Do You Have ? Time period involved Status of the treaty Whether the treaty is bilateral (two parties) or multilateral (many parties) ? Parties involved (for example, is the United States involved ? ) Whether the treaty has been amended ?

31. If you have a citation and the U.S. IS a party to the agreement United States Treaties and other International Agreements (UST) Treaties and other International Acts Series (TIAS)

32. If You do not have a citation, but you know the subject, parties to the agreement, or the date, and the U. S. IS a party to the agreement -- Treaties in Force United States Treaty Index : 1776- 1990 Current Treaty Index

33. If you have a citation and the U.S. IS NOT a party to the agreement -- United Nations Treaty Series (UNTS) International Legal Materials (ILM) Collections of Treaties published by another state or organization. (ETS)

34. If you do not have a citation, but you know the subject, parties to the agreement, or the date, and the U.S. IS NOT a party to the agreement World Treaty Index (1900-1980) Multilateral Treaties Deposited With the Secretary General.

35. What About the Internet ? United States Government Sites GPO Access http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/index. html IRS http://www.irs.gov/businesses/internation al/article/0,,id=96739,00.html Trade Compliance Center (TCC) http://tcc.export.gov/Trade_Agreements/i ndex.asp

36. GPO ACCESS SENATE TREATY DOCUMENTS

37. Internal Revenue Service

38. Trade Compliance Center

39. SEARCH

40. UNITED STATES SENATE

41. U.S. SENATE – ACTIVE LEGISLATION

42. U.S. SENATE

43. THOMAS -- TREATY STATUS

44. GOOD FOR DETERMINING THE STATUS OF A TREATY WORD/ PHRASE TREATY DOC. NUMBER

45. TREATY TEXT THOMAS will link you to GPO ACCESS

46. Internet --- International Organizations United Nations http://treaties.un.org/ World Trade Organization http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_ e/legal_e.htm World Intellectual Property Organization http://www.wipo.int/treaties/index.html

47. UNITED NATIONS TREATY COLLECTION http://treaties.un.org/Pages/UNTSOnline.aspx SEARCH OPTIONS

48. WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION SEARCH

49. WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION

50. WIPO 24 TREATIES ADMINISTERED BY WIPO

51. Internet - Treaty Sites Avalon Project at Yale Law School http://avalon.law.yale.edu/ Tufts University. Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. http://fletcher.tufts.edu/multilaterals.html http://fletcher.tufts.edu/multilaterals.html Council of Europe http://conventions.coe.int http://conventions.coe.int

53. Lexis U.S. Treaties on Lexis U.S. Treaties in Force (Index) GATT Materials International Tax Treaties International Legal Materials (ILM) Eur-Lex (EU Law Database)

54. Westlaw U.S. Treaties and International Agreements U.S. Treaties in Force (Index) European Union Materials International Legal Materials (ILM) RIA International Tax Treaties

55. HEINONLINE International Yearbooks and serials such as the U.N. Commission on International Trade Law Yearbook. Digests such as the Digest of United States Practice in International Law. UST (1950-1984) TIAS (1982- 2000) Treaties in Force (1929-2009)

56. International Organizations Research Guides United Nations http://www.un.org/Depts/dhl/resguide/ European Union – Europa http://europa.eu/index_en.htm

57. UNITED NATIONS RESEARCH GUIDE

62. EUROPEAN UNION --EUROPA

65. EUR-LEX – EUROPEAN UNION LAW

66. Legislation

67. Decisions SEARCH TERMS Secondary Legislation

70. OFFICIAL JOURNAL

71. SEARCH OPTIONS European Court of Justice

73. European Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance Reports of Cases before the European Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance Paper KJE 924.5 /R 4 Lexis Westlaw EUR-Lex & Curia

74. Eur-Lex for cases before 1997

76. International Court of Justice Principal judicial organ of the UN Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions, Orders Paper Internet http://www.icj-cij.orghttp://www.icj-cij.org Westlaw Lexis International Legal Materials Lexis and Westlaw

80. FOREIGN STATUTES WASHLAW FOREIGN AND INTERNATIONAL

85. GlobaLex - NYU -- Research Guides

88. http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/~llou/global.html GUIDE TO FOREIGN LAW ONLINE

90. Points to Consider AVAILABLE ELECTRONICALLY FROM THE LAW LIBRARY’S HOMEPAGE

91. FOREIGN LAW GUIDE

93. Useful Titles Foreign Law Guide: Current Sources of Codes & Legislation (Reynolds & Flores) (Available electronically from the Library’s Homepage. Select “Foreign Law Guide.”) Germain’s Transnational Law Research (Reference K 85/ G 47/ 1991)

94. More Useful Titles --- Martindale Hubbell International Law Digest ( Lexis) Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals ( available electronically)

95. Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals (Available from Law Library’s Page)

96. How Do I Keep Up ? Harvard Law Library has an “International Law News Page.” American Society of International Law has an “International Law in Brief.” BNA alerts in the area of International Trade, the WTO, and international business or tax. Newsletters & Blogs such as International Law Reporter.

97. WHERE DO I GO ? FREE INTERNET MATERIALS COMMERCIAL SERVICES LEXIS/ WESTLAW U. N. TREATY DATABASE BOOKS (NOT EVERYTHING IS ON THE WEB) LIBRARIANS