1. Alex Reynolds, Catherine Hill & Laura Guilfoyle

3.  Do students of all learning styles respond positively to tactual- kinaesthetic instruction?

4.  Traditional Instruction – techniques such as ‘chalk and talk’, lectures, assigned readings and teacher- directed.  Tactual-kinaesthetic instruction – teaching methods requiring students to physically move, handle manipulatives, and participate in concrete, real-life experiences.

5.  Disengagement in the middle years  A lot of instruction in the middle years is verbal and visual  Enable teachers to reach students through more varied learning styles  Current focus on using kinaesthetic teaching for students with ADHD

6.  This research project can be implemented within our own classrooms  The results of this will be used to inform our own teaching

7.  Farkas (2003). Research with year 7 students taught using a multisensory approach showed an increase in performance and attitude.  Rule, Dockstader & Stewart (2006). US study of 34 students. Implemented tactile and kinaesthetic activities and found they increased target skills.  Peacock (2001). Hong Kong study. Found many students felt a mismatch between teaching and learning styles seriously affected their learning.

8.  Honigsfeld & Dunn (2009). “The best strategies for engaging tactual and kinaesthetic learners’ minds are to engage their hands and bodies with manipulative instructional resources or to allow them to learn on their feet” (p.221).  Stanford (2003). “New assessments should not focus on whether or not students can acquire knowledge but on whether or not they can acquire the disposition to use skills and strategies appropriately” (p.84).

9.  Action research  Tactile-kinaesthetic activities will be implemented in the classroom in around half of all lessons, both to teach new content and reinforce prior knowledge and understanding  How?

10.  Previous reports/marks/results  Time-on-task (every 15 minutes)  Teacher log/journal  Student work samples  Face scales or likert-type scale to assess attitudes towards subject as a whole and individual lessons  Learning styles assessment  Summative assessment of learning such as oral or dramatic presentation, posters, etc.

11. QuantitativeQualitative  Previous marks vs. Current  Likert scale/face scale  Time-on-task data  Descriptive statistics  Student work samples  Teacher notes/log/journal  Learning style inventory  Inferential statistics

12.  Determine whether we will use tactile-kinaesthetic teaching techniques for all students  Determine frequency of use of tactile-kinaesthetic methods in our teaching

13.  Anderson. A, Rumsey. R (2002) Channeling energy using bodily-kinesthetic intelligence: helping children with ADHD. Physical & Health Education Journal. Gloucester. 68(3)  Bruer, J. T (1991) The Brain and Child Development: Time For Some Critical Thinking. Public Health Reports, 113 (5), 98-387  Farkas. R. D (2003) The Effects of Traditional versus Learning-Styles Instructional Methods in Middle Years. The Journal of Educational Research. 97(1) 42-54.  Honigsfeld, A. & Dunn, R. (2009). Learning-style responsive approaches for teaching typically performing and at-risk adolescents. Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 82(5) 220-224.  Lengel, T and Kuczala, M, (2010). The Kinesthetic Classroom: Teaching and Learning Through Movement. RTC & Corwin. USA.  Peacock, M. (2006). Match or mismatch? Learning styles and teaching styles in EFL. International journal of applied linguistics, 11(1) 1-20.  Piries. B (Dec. 1995) Meaning through Motion: Kinesthetic English. The English Journal, Vol. 84, No. 8, pp. 46-51  Rule, A., Dockstader, C. J. & Stewart, R.A. (2006). Hands-on and kinaesthetic activities for teaching phonological awareness. Early Childhood Education Journal, 34(3) 195-201.  Stanford, S. (2003). Multiple Intelligence for every classroom. Intervention in school and clinic, 39(2) 80-85.  Touval. A, Westreich. G. (April 2003) Teaching sums of angle measures: A kinesthetic approach. The Mathematics Teacher. 96(4) pg. 230

14.  For further references and information please see related word document