1. Lasers and Optics By Adam Abawi

2. Lasers vs. Light A laser differs from other sources of light in that it emits light in a narrow straight line A laser consists of a gain medium, a mechanism to energize it, and something to provide optical feedback. The energy is typically supplied as an electrical current or as light at a different wavelength.

3. Lasers and their color in Nanometers Red 660-635 nm Green 532-520 nm Blue- 405 nm Violet 445-405 nm

4. Lights vs. Corneas Studies have found that even low-power laser beams of not more than 5 mW can cause permanent retinal damage if gazed at for several seconds; however, the eye's blink reflex makes this highly unlikely. Through their ability to produce temporary or permanent vision loss in varying degrees when aimed at the eyes.

5. Lights vs. Corneas (Part 2) Studies in the early twenty-first century found that the risk to the human eye from accidental exposure to light from commercially available class laser pointers having powers up to 5 mW seemed rather small

6. What lasers are used for Medicine: Bloodless surgery, laser healing, laser eye treatment Industries: Welding, making/cutting metals Law enforcement: Fingerprints and forensics Military: missile defense, radars, marking targets

7. Everyday Devices that use lasers Laser Pointers CD-ROM drive Laser Pointers

8. Free Electron Laser This laser generate coherent, high power radiation that is widely tunable, currently ranging in wavelength from microwaves through terahertz They have the widest frequency range among all of the other lasers.

9. Chemical Laser Powered by a chemical reaction permitting a large of energy to be released at a fast rate. Continuous wave chemical lasers at very high power levels Hydrogen fluoride laser transmits 2700-2900 nm Deuterium fluoride laser transmits 3800 nm

10. Fiber Laser Solid-state lasers or laser amplifiers Guiding of light allows extremely long gain regions providing good cooling conditions; fibers have high surface area to volume ratio which allows efficient cooling. Fiber lasers have a fundamental limit in that the intensity of the light in the fiber cannot be so high that optical

11. Gas Laser Gas lasers using many different gases have been built and used for many purposes These relatively low cost but highly coherent lasers are extremely common in optical research and educational laboratories.

12. Solid State Lasers Use a crystalline or glass rod which is "doped" with ions that provide the required energy states. The usage of the term "solid-state" in laser physics is narrower than in typical use. Semiconductor lasers

13. Stimulated Emission Definition: A transition from the higher to lower energy state in which produces an additional photon. Thought up by Albert Einstein Transition to the higher state is absorption.

14. Stimulated Emission

15. Reflection The proportion of light are indicated by the lengths of the solids. Law of reflection: The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection Critical is 43 degrees for glass Prisms- 29.32 degrees(more effective w/ reflection)

16. Refraction Lasers are refracted in prism due to the change in the speed of light as it passes from one medium to another The laser beam bends toward the normal when it enters the water