1. What do you see?

2. Personality Tests Chapter 13.4 p. 363-368
Learning Objective: What’s the use of personality tests?
Personality Tests

3. Are Tests Legitimate?
Reliability: Consistency of a test; get the same results in similar circumstances
Test-Retest: Re-taking a test after a short time come up with the same result
Scorer: Same results when scored at different times by different people (interscorer)
Split-half: Randomly divide test items in half and score each half separately; scores should be about the same

4. Test Validity Measuring what a test is supposed to measure
Example: PE class doesn’t measure your English language skills
Predictive validity: how well a test predicts performance
Must have a clear purpose established

5. Standardization
Must be administered (given) and scored the same way every time
Establishing a norm (average score) amongst a large group of people
Creating a curve
Examples of Standardized tests:
SAT
ACT
Other “High Stakes” tests

6. Personality Tests Used to: Assess a person’s characteristics
Identify problems
Potential psychological disorders
Predict future behavior

7. Objective Personality Tests
A person must choose from a number of possible responses
Types of tests:
MMPI
CPI
Myers-Briggs
Objective tests should be followed up by interview/discussion should a problem develop

8. MMPI-2 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
Shows habits, delusions, fears, sexual attitudes, potential psychological disorders
In scoring test, look for patterns of responses
Best for extreme cases of psychological disorders

9. CPI California Psychological Inventory
Does NOT measure for psychiatric illnesses
DOES check for responsibility, tolerance
Used FOR: leadership, management, stress

10. Myers-Briggs Checks decision making and encoding of an individual
The 16 possible types helps an individual understand how to relate to others
Introvert vs. Extrovert
Intuition vs. Sensing
Feeling vs. Thinking
Perceiving vs. Judging

11. Projective Personality Tests
Open-ended responses; a person is supposed to tell a story or give explanation
With no prior meaning, projective tests give an indication to an individuals’ own wants, needs, and feelings
Types:
Rorschach Inkblot
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

12. Rorschach Inkblot Test
Developed 1921 by Hermann Rorschach
10 cards with inkblot designs chosen by emotional appeal to people
Hand person a card, ask what they see
Ask general questions to discover why the person gave their initial answers
Many claim the test lacks validity and reliability

15. TAT 20 cards with pictures of suggestive situations
Person tells a story based on the picture (how it developed, who the “characters” are, how it ends)
Psychologist focuses on themes of responses
Assesses motivation and personality characteristics

18. Homework
Use one of the TAT pictures (either use one of the previous 3 images or find a different one online) to make up your own story about it.
12 sentences long, hand-written or typed. Be sure to include the build-up to the scene, what’s happening in the scene, and come up with an ending.
Give characters a name, place, time.

19. Journal
What does it mean to be intelligent? (8 sentences)

20. Word Bank Recall Confabulation Insight Schemas Syntax Mental Set
Eidetic Memory
Thinking
Elaborative Memory
Metacognition
Memory
Semantics
Prototype
Storage
Short-Term Memory
Phonemes
Algorithm
Episodic Memory
Procedural Memory
Functional Fixedness

21. Intelligence & Achievement Tests
Chapter 13.2 & 13.3
Learning Objective: Understanding what intelligence is and how you can test it
Intelligence & Achievement Tests

22. Intelligence No 100% agreed upon answer
A definition: ability to acquire new ideas, new behavior, and adapt to new situations
Types of intelligence tests:
Stanford-Binet
Wechsler Test

23. Views Of Intelligence
Two-Factor Theory Of Intelligence- proposes that a person’s intelligence is composed of a general ability level and specific mental abilities
L.L. Thurston believed that intelligence is composed of seven abilities and should not be a measurement of one factor.
Howard Gardner believed that testing pure logic omits other skills. He believed in eight intelligences (Verbal, Logical, Musical, Body, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Naturalist).

24. Views Of Intelligence Cont.
4. Triarchic Theory- proposes that a person’s intelligence involves analytical, creative, and practical thinking skills 5. Emotional Intelligence- interpersonal and intrapersonal abilities needed to understand and use knowledge of emotions effectively

25. Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Intelligence-Quotient (IQ)- standardized measure of intelligence based on a scale in which 100 is average
IQ= (Mental Age/Chronological Age) X 100
Has since been replaced by more common Otis-Lennon Ability Test

26. The Wechsler Tests
Yield percentile scores in several areas (vocabulary, information, arithmetic, picture arrangement, etc.)
Separate IQ scores for different abilities
Gives a more detailed picture

27. Uses & Meanings Of IQ Scores
Measure the ability to solve certain problem types
Used to identify learning disabilities
Do not directly measure the ability to pose problems or question the validity of problems

28. Controversy Over IQ Testing
Nature Vs. Nurture
Cultural Bias- an aspect of intelligence test in which the wording used in questions may be more familiar to people of one social group than to another group

30. Measuring Achievement, Abilities, & Interests
Section 3
Measuring Achievement, Abilities, & Interests

31. Aptitude Tests
Aptitude Tests- estimates the probability that a person will be successful in learning a specific new skill
I.e. ACT, SAT

32. Achievement Tests
Achievement Tests- measures how much a person has learned in a given subject or area, not just their innate abilities

33. Interest Inventory
Interest Inventory- measures a person’s preferences and attitudes in a wide variety of activities to identify areas of likely success