1. Prof. Anil Kumar Srivastava Director National Dairy Research Institute Karnal-132001 (India) R&D IN INDIAN AGRICULTURE: STATUS, SCOPE AND FUTURE ROAD MAP Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

2. R&D in Indian Agriculture India has one of the largest and well coordinated public agricultural research systems in the world. Agricultural R&D is almost completely funded by the federal and states governments Private investment in agricultural R&D has increased fivefold since the mid-1990s. Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

3. Private Sector in Agriculture R&D Seed industry for field crops, fruits, and vegetables; Pesticide industry; Farm machinery industry Poultry Husbandry Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

4. Indian Agriculture as Today  > 17% of the world’s human & 12% livestock population  4.2% of the global water  2.4% of the world’s land  142 m ha cultivated & 60 m ha net irrigated  137% cropping intensity  52% of population earns livelihood in agriculture  16.6% contribution in GDP  10.23% earning of total exports (Rs. 86,000 crores) Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

5. Productivity Gains Commodity Productivity 19502009Times Food Grains, kg/ha52218983.6 Fruits, kg/ha8600137001.6 Vegetables, kg/ha7500156002.1 Fish, kg/ha (Aquaculture)40027006.8 Milk litre/lactation58310801.8 Eggs, No./bird502384.8 Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

6. Production of Food Grains (Million Ton) Source: Ministry of Agriculture Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

7. YearWheatRicePulsesOilseedsCottonSugarcane 2010-1193.90104.3217.2130.0135.20357.67 2011-1286.8795.9818.2432.4734.08342.38 Commodity Wise Production (million ton) Source: Ministry of Agriculture Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

8. Growth Rate in Sub-sectors of Agriculture (percent / year) PeriodCrop sectorLivestockHorticulture crops 1950-19603.061.420.74 1960-19701.700.414.87 1970-19801.793.922.86 1980-19902.244.912.63 1990-20003.023.795.95 2000-20093.063.903.35 Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

9. Crops2000-01 to 2008-09 Cotton12.96 Bajra4.38 Groundnut3.81 Soybean3.15 Jowar3.03 Maize2.58 Sunflower2.51 Rapeseed & Mustard1.93 Rice1.69 Wheat0.24 Growth Rate in Productivity of Major Crops (% / year) Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

10. Production of Important Livestock Products in India Source: Planning Commission’s Working Group for 12 th Plan on Animal Husbandry Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

11. YearMeatEggs 1991-92 to 1999-20001.014.18 2000-01 to 2010-111.115.60 Percent Annual Growth in Livestock Products in India Source: Planning Commission’s Working Group for 12 th Plan on Animal Husbandry Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

12. Estimated and Targeted Growth Rates for Horticultural and Plantation Crops Source: Planning Commission’s Working Group on Hrticultural and Plantation Crops for 12 th Plan Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

13. Year Growth rate (% per annum) 1950-51 to 1960-611.64 1960-61 to 1973-741.15 1973-74 to 1980-814.51 1980-81 to 1990-915.50 1990-91 to 2000-014.21 2000-01 to 20084.10 Growth Rate in Milk Production Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

14. Dairying Wealth of India  About 70% of milk is produced by marginal and small farmers having 2-4 animals  The productivity of Indian milch animal is 1012 kg/ year (world average is 2200 kg/ year) World Production of milk stands at 720 million tones. Asia produces 256 million tones Growth rate is only 1.1% India Highest milk producer with 130 million tones Nearly 3.5 – 4 times higher than world average growth rate, despite minimal investment Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

15. Trend in Milk Production in India Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

16. Trend in Per Capita Availability of Milk in India Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

17. Contribution of Different Animal to Milk Pool Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

18. Projected Food Demands (mt) Commodity2020-21 Cereals262.0 Pulses22.2 Food grains284.2 Egg (number billion)87.6 Meat4.1 Fish11.9 Oilseeds68.6 Vegetables159.7 Fresh fruits96.5 Sugarcane435.6 Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

19. Projected Milk Demand 20122015 (Projected)2020 (Projected) 127.3 MT142.9 MT191.3 MT At the existing rate of growth in milk production, in next ten years, supply is likely to fall short of the demand. Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

20. Major Concerns  Water crisis  Soil degradation and fatigue  Genetic erosion  High post-harvest losses  Inadequate markets and unfavourable trade  Fragile policy support Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

21. Pesticides Registered in Different Countries Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

22. Pesticides Used in Different Countries Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

23. Tapping the Untapped Animal Population Improving Reproduction would fill the gap How? Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

24. CategoryMilk production (Est.) Crossbred cattle2.64 MT Indigenous cattle3.97 MT Buffaloes5.78 MT Total12.39 MT Rise in Milk Production, if we make “uncalved” to “Calved” status… Additional 12.39 MT (total milk production would be 142.39 MT) Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

25. Calving Interval: Desired vs Existing Calving CyclicityConceptionGestation Calving to conception 85 d Vs 169 d Calving interval = 425 d Vs 479 d Calving CyclicityConceptionGestation Calving to conception = 85 d Vs 136 d Calving interval = 365 d Vs 414 d Cattle Buffaloes Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

26. Missing of Heat: Economic Losses Each missed heat is a missed opportunity. It delays calving by at least 21 days and implies a loss of at least 21 days of milk. Assuming a production average of only 5 liters per day, it translates into 105 litres or Rs. 3150. Added to this is the cost of maintenance for 21 days@ 65 /- (Rs 1365). Hence each missed heat leads to a loss of Rs. 4515/- for the farmer. Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

27. Age at puberty of buffaloes ( Exotic vs. Indigenous ) Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

28. Availability & Demand of Male Germplasm (million) Adult Female Cattle Adult Female Buffalo Total Adult Female In-milk cattle and buffalo Semen Straws Available AI Covered In-milk cattle and buffalo AI Not Covered In-milk cattle and buffalo 72.9154.47127.3877. 04522745.49 Additional demand of male germplasm = 91 million straws Assume 15% animal served through natural services Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

29. Focused Research Priorities Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013

30. OPU-IVF, Calf ‘Holi’ born on March 7, 2012 Ovum Pick-up Technology from Clinically Infertile/ Sub-Fertile Animals

31. Cloned Calf “Garima-II” born on August 22, 2010: Delivered female calf “Mahima” on January 25, 2013 Cloned Calf “Garima-II” born on August 22, 2010: Delivered female calf “Mahima” on January 25, 2013

32. Cloned Calf “Shrestha” born on August 26 th, 2010 (Success Story of NAIP Project)

33. Summary Let us work together towards the common global goal i.e. for accelerating food production to provide food and nutritional security for every citizen of the world. Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013