1. Latin America´s Decade Presented at the Wilson Center
Latinobarometro
Marta Lagos
Presented at the Wilson Center
January 28th 2014 1 1 1 1

2. SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACY TOTAL LATIN AMERICA 1995-2013
Q. With which of the following statements do you agree most? Democracy is preferable to any other kind of government; under some circumstances, an authoritarian government can be preferable to a democratic one; for people like me, it doesn’t matter whether we have a democratic or non-democratic regime, DNA/DNK.
Source: Latinobarómetro 2 2

3. SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACY TOTAL LATIN AMERICA BY EDUCATION, AGE AND SEX -TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2013
Q. With which of the following statements do you agree most? Democracy is preferable to any other kind of government; under some circumstances, an authoritarian government can be preferable to a democratic one; for people like me, it doesn’t matter whether we have a democratic or non-democratic regime. * Here only ‘Democracy is preferable to any other kind of government’ .
Source: Latinobarómetro 2013

4. CHURCHILLIAN DEMOCRACY TOTAL LATIN AMERICA 2002-2013 - TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2013
Q. Do you strongly agree, agree, disagree or strongly disagree with the following statement? Democracy may have problems but it is the best system of government. * Here only ‘Strongly agree’ plus ‘Agree’.
Source: Latinobarómetro 4 4 4

5. FULL DEMOCRACY TOTAL LATIN AMERICA 2013 - TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2013
Q. In your opinion, how much of a democracy is (country)? * Here only ‘A democracy, with major problems’.
Source: Latinobarómetro 2013

6. NOT ENOUGH MONEY TO BUY FOOD
TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2013
Q. Has your household run out of money to buy food at any time during the past 12 months? * Here only ‘Yes’.
Source: Latinobarómetro 2013 6 6 6

8. DEMOCRACY CAN WORK WITHOUT POLITICAL PARTIES
TOTAL LATIN AMERICA TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2013
Q. Some people say that without political parties there can be no democracy while others say that democracy can work without political parties. Which is closer to your view? * Here only ‘Democracy can work without political parties’.
Source: Latinobarómetro 8

9. DEMOCRACY CAN WORK WITHOUT CONGRESS TOTAL LATIN AMERICA 1997-2013 – TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2013
Q. Some people say that without a National Congress there can be no democracy while others say that democracy can work without a National Congress. Which is closer to your view? * Here only ‘Democracy can work without a National Congress’.
Source: Latinobarómetro 9

10. SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRACY TOTAL LATIN AMERICA 1995-2013
Q. In general, would you say you are very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, not very satisfied or not at all satisfied with the working of the democracy in (country)? * Here only ‘Very satisfied’ plus ‘Somewhat satisfied’ and ‘Not very satisfied’ plus ‘Not at all satisfied’ .
Source: Latinobarómetro 10 10

11. SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRACY TOTAL LATIN AMERICA AND EUROPE 1995-2013
Q. In general, would you say you are very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, not very satisfied or not at all satisfied with the working of the democracy in (country)? * Here only ‘Very satisfied’ plus ‘Somewhat satisfied’.
Source: Latinobarómetro and Eurobarometer NOTA PONER EUROBAROMETER EN LEYENDA

12. GOVERNMENT APPROVAL
TOTAL LATIN AMERICA TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2013
Q. Do you approve or not of the performance of the government led by President (name)? * Here only ‘Approve’.
Source: Latinobarómetro 12 12

13. GOVERNMENT APPROVAL TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2002-2013
Source: Latinobarómetro 13

14. INTEREST IN POLITICS TOTAL LATIN AMERICA 1995-2013 - TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2013
Q. How interested would you say you are in politics? Very interested, ‘somewhat interested, not very interested or not at all interested? * Here only ‘Very interested’ and ‘Somewhat interested’.
Chile and Peru, two countries with high economic growth rates and low levels of interest in politics
Source: Latinobarómetro 14

15. WILLINGNESS TO PROTEST ABOUT…
TOTAL LATIN AMERICA 2013
Q. On a scale from 1 to 10 where 1 means “not at all” and 10 means “very”, how willing would you be to demonstrate and protest about…?
Source: Latinobarómetro 2013

16. EXPECTATIONS

17. SATISFACTION WITH LIFE
TOTAL LATIN AMERICA TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2013
Q. Generally speaking, would you say that you are satisfied with your life? Would you say that you are....? * Here only ‘Very satisfied’ plus ‘Somewhat satisfied’.
Source: Latinobarómetro 17 17 17

18. PERCEPTION OF PROGRESS TOTAL LATIN AMERICA 1995-2013 - TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2013
Q. Would you say that this country is progressing, is at a standstill or is in decline? * Here only ‘Is progressing’.
Source: Latinobarómetro 18

19. Half of countries progress between 2011 and 2013.
PERCEPTION OF PROGRESS TOTALS BY COUNTRY
Q. Would you say that this country is progressing, is at a standstill or is in decline? * Here only ‘Is progressing'.
Half of countries progress between 2011 and 2013.
Source: Latinobarómetro 2011 – 2013

20. Countries in difficulty
COUNTRY’S CURRENT ECONOMIC SITUATION
TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2013
Q. In general, how would you describe the country’s current economic situation? Would you say it is very good, good, about average, bad or very bad? * Here only ‘Bad’ plus ‘Very bad’.
Countries in difficulty
Source: Latinobarómetro 2013 20

21. FUTURE PERSONAL ECONOMIC SITUATION
TOTAL LATIN AMERICA TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2013
Q. In the next 12 months, do you think your economic situation and that of your family will be much better, a little
better, about the same, a little worse or much worse than now? * Here only 'Much better' plus 'A little better'.
Future expectations increase given strong perceptions of a better economic situation.
Source: Latinobarómetro 21

22. ECONOMIC SENTIMENT 2013
Economic sentiment is higher for personal situation than that of the country.

23. FAIRNESS OF INCOME DISTRIBUTION TOTAL LATIN AMERICA 2001-2013 - TOTALS BY OCUNTRY 2013
Q. How fair do you think income distribution is in (country)? Very fair, fair, unfair or very unfair. * Here only ‘Very fair’ plus ‘Unfair’.
Source: Latinobarómetro 23 23

24. FAIRNESS OF INCOME DISTRIBUTION
TOTALS BY COUNTRY
Q. How fair do you think income distribution is in (country)? Very fair, fair, unfair or very unfair. *Here only ‘ Very fair’ plus ‘Fair’.
Source: Latinobarómetro 24 24

25. HOT WATER TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2013
Q. Do you or any member of your family have any of the following goods? * Here only ‘Yes’ for hot water.
Source: Latinobarómetro 2013

26. SUBJECTIVE INCOME: IT’S NOT ENOUGH
TOTAL LATIN AMERICA TOTALS BY COUNTRY
Q. Do the salary you receive and your total family income allow you to cover your needs in a satisfactory manner? Which of the following statements describes your situation? * Here only ‘It’s not enough, we have problems’ plus ‘It’s not enough, we have major problems’.
Source: Latinobarómetro 26 26 26

27. COUNTRY’S MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEM TOTAL LATIN AMERICA TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2013
Q. In your opinion, which is the most important problem in your country? Open question. * Here only answers with more than 3%.
Source: Latinobarómetro 2013 27 27

28. SUMMARY: MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEM ECONOMIC PROBLEMS/CRIME
TOTAL LATIN AMERICA TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2013
Q. In your opinion, which is the most important problem in your country? * Here only ‘Unemployment’ plus ‘Economy/economic/financial problems’ plus ‘Poverty’ and ‘Crime’.
2013 ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
Source: Latinobarómetro 28 28

29. MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEM: CRIME AND UNEMPLOYMENT
TOTAL LATINA AMERICA – TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2013
Q. In your opinion, which is the most important problem in the country? * Here only ’Unemployment’ plus ‘Crime’.
Source: Latinobarómetro 29 29 29

30. COUNTRY’S MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEM TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2013
Q. In your opinion, which is the most important problem in your country? Open question. *Here only ‘Corruption’, ‘Crime’ and ‘Economic problems’ (the economy, crime, poverty and unemployment).
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
CORRUPTION
CRIME
Source: Latinobarómetro 2013

31. CAN THE GOVERNMENT SOLVE PROBLEMS DURING THE NEXT FIVE YEARS
CAN THE GOVERNMENT SOLVE PROBLEMS DURING THE NEXT FIVE YEARS? TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2013
Q. How likely is it that the government will solve the most important problem you identified within the next five years? Very likely, likely, not very likely or not at all likely. * Here only ‘Very likely’ plus ‘Likely’ and ‘Not very likely’ plus ‘Not at all likely’
LIKELY
NOT LIKELY
Source: Latinobarómetro 2013 31

32. CAN THE STATE SOLVE THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS
CAN THE STATE SOLVE THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS? TOTAL LATIN AMERICA 2013 – TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2013
Q. To what extent do you think the state can solve the problem of crime? The state can solve all the problem, a large part of the problem, a small part of the problem or the state cannot solve the problem. * Here only ‘All the problem’ plus ‘A large part of the problem’.
CRIME
Source: Latinobarómetro 2013

33. MIDDLE CLASS IN LATIN AMERICA Contrast between World Bank and self clasification of class in Latinobarómetro

34. CLASS STATUS:LATINOBAROMETRO
VERSUS WORLD BANK
WB 2009
LB 2013
DIFFERENCE
Country
Poor / vulnerable
Middle Class
Upper Class
Low
Middle
Upper
Low class Difference LB-WB
Middle class Difference LB-WB
Bolivia 82 17 1 39 53 5
-43 36
Ecuador 79 21 44 51
-35 30
Mexico 72 26 49 11
-33 23
Peru 75 25 46 48
-29
Venezuela 81 18 54 38
-27 20
Paraguay 24 43 4
-26 19
Costa Rica 60 37 3 40 10
-20 12
Panama 68 2 50 41 6
-18
Dominican Republic 77 22 62 33
-15
Colombia 67 57 34 8
-10
Honduras 83 74 -9
LAC 58
El Salvador 16 76 -7
Argentina -5
Brazil 66 32 28 -4
Uruguay 56 7 14
Chile 42 15
-12

35. CLASS STATUS: LATINOBAROMETRO´S DIFFERENCE WITH WORLD BANK

36. CLASS: LATINOBAROMETRO & WORLD BANK AVERAGE FOR LATIN AMERICA 2013- 2009
Q. People sometimes describe themselves as belonging to a social class. Which social class would you describe yourself as belonging to...?
Source: Latinobarómetro World Bank 2009.( “low”=low + vulnerable class)

37. DIFFERENCES : MIDDLE CLASS

38. DIFFERENCES:UPPER CLASS

39. DIFFERENCES: LOW CLASS

40. SOCIAL CLASS: SELF-CLASSIFICATION
TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2013
Q. People sometimes describe themselves as belonging to a social class. Which social class would you describe yourself as belonging to…? * Here only ‘High’ plus ‘Upper-middle’, ‘Middle’ and ‘Lower-middle’ plus ‘Low’.
HIGH
MIDDLE
LOW 40 40 40
Source: Latinobarómetro 2013

41. EDUCATIONAL MOBILITY BETWEEN THE LAST TWO GENERATIONS
TOTAL LATIN AMERICA TOTALS BY COUNTRY 2013
Q. What level of education do you have? What was the last year you completed?
Q. What level of education did your parents have?
Source: Latinobarómetro 2013

42. Churchillian Democracy
País
LATINOBARÓMETRO 2008*
LAPOP 2008**
WVS Wave 2005***
Argentina 77
6,2 91
Bolivia
5,3
Brazil 82
5,2
Chile 70
Colombia
5,4
Costa Rica 78
5,7
Ecuador 60 5
El Salvador 63
5,1
Guatemala 58
4,6
Honduras 66
Mexico 69 80
Nicaragua 67
Panama 71
Paraguay
4,8
Peru
4,9 89
Dominican Rep. 79
5,5
Uruguay 88
6,1
Venezuela 86 6 93
Latin America 73 87

43. Support for Democracy: Democracy is preferable to any other
form of government
Country
LATINOBARÓMETRO
2013*
LAPOP
2012**
DIFFERENCE
Argentina 73
Bolivia 61
Brazil 49 66
-22
Chile 63
Colombia 52 72
-20
Costa Rica 53 87
-34
Ecuador 62 70 -8
El Salvador
-23
Guatemala 41
-25
Honduras 44 69
Mexico 37 75
-38
Nicaragua 50 84
Panama
-35
Paraguay
-13
Peru 56
-16
Dominican Rep. 60
-15
Uruguay 71
Venezuela
Latin America
-19