1. By: Jacob Miller & Bryce Schimon Period 5
The Urinary System
By: Jacob Miller & Bryce Schimon
Period 5

2. Main Functions Produces, stores and eliminates Urine
Regulates electrolyte balance
Controls blood volume
Maintains blood pressure

3. Essential Parts
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

4. Functions of Essential Parts
Kidneys- helps maintain homeostasis
Ureters- runs parallel to vertebral column, carries urine from kidneys to bladder
Bladder- it lies within the pelvic cavity, behind the symphysis pubis and beneath the parietal peritoneum. It stores urine and forces it into the urethra
Urethra – lies between bladder to the outside of the body - conveys urine from the urinary bladder to the outside

5. Structure of Urinary System
The Urinary system may also be called the Renal System because this group of inter-connected body parts contains many tissues and organs
The Urinary system contains two narrow tubes that transfer urine from the kidneys to the bladder which are called Ureters
The structure of the urinary system also includes collecting ducts, convoluted tubules and blood vessels

6. The Kidneys Role
The kidneys are a bean shaped organ with a smooth surface and lie on either side of the vertebral column in a depression high on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity
The Renal Sinus is a hollow chamber that allows the passing of blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and the ureter
The Kidneys role is to maintain homeostasis by regulating the composition ,volume and pH of the extracellular fluid.
They do this by removing metabolic waste from the blood and diluting them with water and electrolytes to form urine

8. Pathway of Blood to Kidneys
Renal Arteries supply blood to the kidneys
Renal artery enters a kidney through the hilum and gives off several branches called interlobar arteries
The interlobar arteries branch, forming a series of incomplete arches called arcuate arteries which then give rise to interlobar arteries
Final braches lead to nephrons
Finally the renal vein then joins the inferior vena cava as it courses through the abdominal cavity.

9. Nephrons Nephrons consists of renal corpuscle and a renal tubule
Nephrons main function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances
Fluid flows through renal tubules on its way out the body
Renal Corpuscle – is composed of a tangled cluster of blood capillaries called glomerulus which is the 1st step in urine formation.
Glomerular capillaries filter fluid
Glomerular Capsule- is a thin walled, saclike structure that surrounds glomerulus . It receives the fluid that the glomerulus filters

10. Urine Formation
Formation begins with filtration of plasma by glomerular capillaries, this is called glomerular filtration
Most of the fluid is reabsorbed into the blood stream
One capillary bed filters, the filtered fluid then moves into the renal tubule where majority of it becomes urine
Tubular Reabsorption moves substances from tubular fluid back into the blood
Tubular secretion moves substances from the blood within peritubular capillary into the renal tube
Kidney chooses what substances to keep
Extra fluid being eliminated is urine

11. Composition of Urine
Composition of urine is different for everyone and based off of how much water they drink
Urine is about 95% water
Contains urea and uric acid
May contain amino acids and a variety of electrolytes

12. Urea vs. Uric Acid Urea Uric Acid
Urea is a by-product of amino acid catabolism
Urea enters the renal tubule by filtration
Uric Acid
Product of the metabolism of certain organic bases of nucleic acids
Active transports reabsorbs all the uric acid present in the glomerular but a small amount is secreted into the renal tubule and excreted in urine

13. Process of Urine Elimination
Urine forms in the nephrons
Passes from collecting ducts through openings in the renal papillae and enters calyces of the kidney
It passes through the renal pelvis and a ureter conveys it to the urinary bladder
The urethra excretes urine to the outside

14. Diseases Kidney Disease Urinary Tract Infection Interstitial Cystitis
Kidney Stones
Bladder Cancer

15. Work Cited
Zimmermann, By. "Urinary System: Facts, Functions & Diseases." LiveScience. TechMedia Network, 15 Jan Web. 17 Apr
"Urinary System." InnerBody. Web. 17 Apr

16. The End