1. Ancient Egypt
Ms. Orville

2. Vocabulary Afterlife- an existence after death
Artisan- a person skilled in crafts such as carving or tool making
Cataract- a large waterfall or rapids
Delta- a triangular or fan-shaped piece of land made by deposits of mud and sand at the mouth of a river
Dynasty- a line of rulers from the same family or the period during which they rule
Economy- related to activities such as the production of goods and services in a particular region
Hieroglyphics- ancient Egyptian written language
Mummy- the body of a person that was preserved after death
Silt- a deposit of rich soil, sand, and mud along a river
Nilometer- staircase, or a simple stone/other surface, to record the height of the Nile flood

3. Youtube-

4. Nilometers

5. Natural Resources

6. Mines

8. Egyptian Scribe

9. N DO: Translate the ancient code into W English!
BK IZPV XNV LMMNB VWK DMNDH LXT VWK DLMKXTLJ VN SMRXT ZP VN VWK ULDV VWLV KLDW INIKXV NU MRUK RP L IRJLDMK LXT IQPVKJQ.
-- W. A. BHIIP

11. Translating the Rosetta Stone
Agua
מ'ם
oglyphic-typewriter.html

12. Clues to solve the puzzle
B=W
A=G
K=E

13. Ancient Egyptian Rulers
Pharaohs: Egyptian Kings had absolute power
Whatever they decided became law
Were religious leaders and considers to be gods
31 Dynasties from BCE
Dynasty- a series of rulers from the same family or ethnic group

14. Social ‘pyramid’

16. Ancient Egyptian Culture
The Egyptian social order resembled a pyramid with the pharaoh at the top
The peasants (largest class) at the bottom
A person could rise to a higher class (social mobility)
Slaves- prisoners of war
Considered property more than human
Egyptian women had many rights: could own property, run businesses, enter into legal contracts

17. Science and Medicine
Egyptians studied the stars and practiced medicine
Astronomers- scientists who study the stars and other objects in the sky
Medicine: used herbalism- practice of creating medicines from plants

18. Pharaoh’s Tombs
Pharaohs began the long, difficult process of building their tombs as soon as they came to power
Pyramid- huge buildings with four sloping triangle- shaped sides
Giza- location of important pyramids
Could take 20 years to build by slaves and other workers
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19. Pyramids
Khufu
Giza

20. Mastaba (eternal house)
Early Pyramids
Step pyramid
Mastaba (eternal house)

21. Great Pyramid Tomb for Khufu an almost perfect square (deviation .05%)
Orientation is exactly North, South, East West
2,300,000 blocks, 500ft high
20 years to build
Average block weighs 2.5 tons
Some weighed 9 tons!

22. Monuments Washington Monument, Washington D.C.
Eiffel tower: Paris, France

23. Pearl Harbor Memorial

24. Tears of the Arizona

25. The Kingdoms Middle Kingdom Egypt reunited
Pharaohs used Egypt’s wealth on public works, instead of wars
New Kingdom
Pharaohs built large armies, which made the Egyptians nearly unbeatable
Ramses I-XII rule Egypt
It is during this time that Moses
leads Jews out of Egypt

26. Pharaoh
Pharaoh was believed by the Egyptians to be the supreme ruler chosen by the gods to lead his people. They believed that when a man became a pharaoh, he also became a god. To keep the bloodline of the gods pure, pharaohs often married their sisters, mothers, and cousins.

27. Rulers
Ancient Egypt prospered during three major time periods (kingdoms)
Old Kingdom
Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt: well run government
Traded with Nubia for timber
At the end of the Old Kingdom Egypt’s unity crumbled and the dynasties grew weak

29. Famous Ancient Egyptian Rulers
Menes
Legendary founder of the first Egyptian dynasty
unified Upper and Lower Egypt
Founded capital of Memphis
King Tut (Tutankhamun)
Became ruler when he was a child and died at around age 18
His tomb was
discovered in 1922
completely intact
Buried with
many possessions

30. King Tut’s tomb

34. Thutmose III Ancient Egyptian Rulers One of the greatest pharaohs
Expanded empire to include Syria and Nubia
Treated defeated people well
Tomb was in the valley of the kings

35. Hatshepsut- Pharaoh Queen
Regent- someone who rules for a child until the child is old enough to rule
was regent for Tuhtmose III -> proclaimed herself as pharaoh
Achieved economic success [trade]
Built many temples
Hatshepsut: only woman Pharaoh

36. Cleopatra “Queen of Egypt” Last Macedonian to rule Egypt
Official end to the New Kingdom

37. Religion Osiris Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
Deeply religious and polytheistic believed in many gods and goddesses
Believed that their gods controlled life, death, and all of nature
Amon-Re :chief god of creation
Osiris: god of afterlife
Osiris

38. Burial rituals

39. Belief in Afterlife Not known when it started in Egypt
Egyptians carefully prepared their dead for afterlife- to ensure immortality
Mummy- preserved body of a dead person
Believed the soul would leave the mummy but return to it to receive food
Mummification- expensive and took 2-3 months
Organs removed
Put into jars
Decorated coffins
Not known when it started in Egypt
Perfected by time of New Kingdom

40. How to make a mummy: 70 steps
1) Removal of the brain through the nostrils 2) Removal of the intestines through an incision in the side 3) Sterilization of the body and intestines 4) Treating, cleaning, dehydrating the intestines 5) Packing the body with natron (a natural dehydrating agent) and leaving for 40 days 6) Removal of the natron agent 7) Packing the limbs with clay or sand 8) Packing the body with linen (soaked in resin), myrrh and cinnamon 9) Treating the body with ointments and finally wrapping with a fine linen gauze, not less than 1000 square yards .

41. Canopic Jars made of alabaster for storage of brain, stomach, intestines and liver

42. Funerary Gifts
model boat
Gift bearers

44. Ancient Gods & Goddesses

45. Gods & Goddesses Isis Powerful goddess
She used powerful magic spells to help people in need
Isis was the wife of Osiris and the mother of Horus.
Isis

46. Gods Horus Horus: god of balance and harmony Animal symbol: hawk
maintained the natural order: the flow of the Nile and the fertility of the soil.
Horus

47. Amun/Re Anubis Sun god Most powerful god in Egypt Animal symbol: Ram
Wears crown with two plumes
god of embalming the dead (mummification process)
Watched over the dead
Animal symbol: jackal