2. 1 Cell Structure & Function

3. 2 Basic Structure of a Cell

4. 3 Anton van Leeuwenhoek In 1674, Leeuwenhoek (a Dutch microscope maker), was first to view organism (living things) Leeuwenhoek used a simple, handheld microscope to view pond water & scrapings from his teeth

5. 4 First to View Cells In 1665, Robert Hooke used a microscope to examine a thin slice of cork (dead plant cells) What he saw looked like small boxes

6. 5 First to View Cells Hooke is responsible for naming cells Hooke called them “CELLS” because they looked like the small rooms that monks lived in called Cells

7. 6 History of Cells & the Cell Theory Virchow Cell Specialization

8. 7 Introduction to Cells Cells are the basic units of organisms Basic types of cells: Animal CellPlant Cell Bacterial Cell

9. 8 Number of Cells Organisms may be: Unicellular – composed of one cell Multicellular- composed of many cells that may organize

10. 9  Prokaryotes include bacteria & lack a nucleus or membrane-bound structures called organelles  Eukaryotes include most other cells & have a nucleus and membrane- bound organelles (plants, fungi, & animals) Cells May be Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic

11. 10 Prokaryotes Nucleoid region contains the DNA Cell membrane & cell wall Contain ribosomes (no membrane) to make proteins in their cytoplasm

12. 11 Eukaryotic Cell Contain 3 basic cell structures: Nucleus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm with organelles

13. 12 Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells Plant Cell Animal Cell

14. 13 Organelles Very small size Can only be observed under a microscope Have specific functions Found throughout cytoplasm

15. 14 Golgi Bodies Stacks of flattened sacsStacks of flattened sacs Have a shipping side & a receiving sideHave a shipping side & a receiving side Receive & modify proteins made by ERReceive & modify proteins made by ER Transport vesicles with modified proteins pinch off the endsTransport vesicles with modified proteins pinch off the ends Transport vesicle

16. 15 Lysosome Contain digestive enzymesContain digestive enzymes Break down food and worn out cell parts for cellsBreak down food and worn out cell parts for cells Programmed for cell death (lyse & release enzymes to break down & recycle cell parts)Programmed for cell death (lyse & release enzymes to break down & recycle cell parts)

17. 16 Nucleolus Cell may have 1 to 3 nucleoli Cell may have 1 to 3 nucleoli Inside nucleusInside nucleus Disappears when cell dividesDisappears when cell divides Makes ribosomes that make proteinsMakes ribosomes that make proteins

18. 17 Smooth & Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth ER lacks ribosomes & makes proteins USED In the cell Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface & makes proteins to EXPORT

19. 18 Rod shape Site of Cellular respiration Cell Powerhouse Mitochondrion ( mitochondria )

20. 19 Active cells like muscles have more mitochondria Burn sugars to produce energy ATP In Animal Cells: Mitochondria

21. 20 Lies immediately against the cell wall in plant cells Made of protein and phospholipids Selectively permeable Cell membrane Surrounding the Cell

22. 21 Living layer Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell Selectively permeable Cell membrane Cell or Plasma Membrane

23. 22 Nonliving layer Gives structure and shape to plant and bacterial cells Cell wall Cell Wall

24. 23 Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane Provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place Cytoplasm Cytoplasm of a Cell

25. 24 Contains organelles to carry out specific jobs Examples: chloroplast & mitochondrion Cytoplasm More on Cytoplasm

26. 25 Controls the normal activities of the cell Contain the DNA Bounded by a nuclear membrane Contains chromosomes Control Organelle Nucleus

27. 26 Each cell has fixed number of chromosomes that carry genes Genes control cell characteristics Nucleus More on the Nucleus

28. 27 Contain the green pigment chlorophyll Traps sunlight to make to make sugars (food) Process called photosynthesis Plant Cell Organelles Chloroplast

29. 28 Dead layer Large empty spaces present between cellulose fibers Freely permeable Cell wall Plant Cell

30. 29 Plant Cell Made of cellulose which forms very thin fibers Strong and rigid Found in plant cells Cell wall

31. 30 Protect and support the enclosed substances (protoplasm) Resist entry of excess water into the cell Give shape to the cell Cell wall Plant Cell

32. 31 Have a large central vacuole Surrounded by tonoplast Contains cell sap Sugars, proteins, minerals, wastes, & pigments Plant Cell Organelles Vacuole

33. 32 Different kinds of plant cells Onion Epidermal Cells Root Hair Cell root hair Guard Cells

34. 33 mitochondrion nucleus glycogen granule cell membrane cytoplasm Animal cell No cell wall or chloroplast Stores glycogen in the cytoplasm for food energy vacuole

35. 34 Animal Cell Organelles Near the nucleus Paired structures Help cell divide

36. 35 Different kinds of animal cells white blood cell red blood cell cheek cells sperm nerve cell muscle cell Amoeba Paramecium

37. 36 Similarities between plant cells and animal cells Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm Both have a nucleus Both contain mitochondria

38. 37 Differences between plant cells and animal cells Animal cellsPlant cells Relatively smaller in size Irregular shape No cell wall Relatively larger in size Regular shape Cell wall present

39. 38 Animal cellsPlant cells Vacuole small or absent Glycogen as food storage Nucleus at the center Large central vacuole Starch as food storage Nucleus near cell wall Differences between Plant Cells and Animal Cells