1. Which Auxiliary? Être or Avoir How can we know when to use “to be” or “to have” as an Auxiliary verb when using the Perfect or the Plu-perfect tenses in French? It is quite simple, Sir Wolf! Yep! Most verbs use “to have” as the Auxiliary verb. Only a very small number of verbs use “to be”.

2. Would you mind very much telling me which verbs use the Auxiliary “to be” then? They tend to be verbs expressing a movement. Careful, though! Some of these verbs are irregular. I will give you the complete list in the next two pages although the irregular verbs will be dealt with in another lesson.

3. Aller to goi fynd Venir to comei ddod Revenir to come backi ddod yn ôl Devenir to becomei ddod neu i fynd Partir to leavei adael Sortir to go outi fynd allan Naître to be bornganwyd Mourir to diei farw Darling, give us the list of IRREGULAR verbs using the Auxiliary “to be”.

4. Arriver to arrivei gyrraedd Descendre to go downi fynd i lawr Entrer to go in i ddod i mewn Monter to go upi fynd i fyny Rentrer to go homei fynd adref Retourner to returni ddychwelyd Tomber to falli ddisgyn Passer par to go throughi fynd trwy Chérie, give us the list of REGULAR verbs using the Auxiliary “to be”.

5. Hum!!There is a little problem with verbs using “to be” as the Auxiliary verb What is it, Porky? When using the Auxiliary “to be”, the Past Participle form of the Active Verb MUST AGREE in Gender and Number with the Person or Thing doing the Action. Mama mia, what does all this jargon mean?

6. The Number means that one or more than one person or thing is doing the action The Gender means that the person or thing doing the action is either Masculine or Feminine Gee! Let’s see on the next slide how this applies to the Past Participle of the Active Verb “MUST AGREE”, means that the ending of the verb changes depending on these 2 factors

7. entrje il elle nous vous ils elles Passé composé é(e) Plus-que-Parfait tu suis entré(e)es entréest entréeéeest entré(e)ssommes entré(e)sêtes entréséssont entréeséessont entrJ’ il elle nous vous ils elles é(e) tu étais entré(e)étais entréétait entréeéeétait entré(e)sétions entré(e)sétiez entrésésétaient entréeséesétaient Let’s use for example a typical ER verb, ENTRER Add an “e” when a feminine subject does the action Add an “s” when more than one does the action

8. Ready for a little bit of practice? Click the pigs and the house. Passé composé Plus-que-Parfait Quiz