1. Physical, Social, Emotional, and Intellectual Development
Toddlers
Physical, Social, Emotional, and Intellectual Development
Chapters 11, 12 and 13

2. Essential Questions
What is the difference between toddlers and preschoolers?
How do toddlers develop physically?
How do toddlers develop socially and emotionally?
How do toddlers develop intellectually?

3. Physical Growth and Development in Toddlers
Age 1
Age 2
Age 3
Average Height
30 in 34 38
Average Weight
23 lbs
28 lbs
33 lbs
Proportion
Head, abdomen and chest all measure about the same and grow at the same rate
Chest becomes larger than head, abdomen and arms. Legs and trunk grow rapidly
Chest is larger than head and abdomen. Arms, legs and trunk continue to grow rapidly
Posture
Crawling and toddling
Stands straight but not completely erect
Back straighter, posture more upright
Number of teeth 8 16 20

4. Factors controlling quality of teeth
Diet (pregnancy and after birth)
Drinking milk (pregnancy and after birth)
Brushing teeth
Flossing teeth
Heredity
When to start brushing?
When to visit dentist?

5. Large Motor Skills 2 Years Walks well, climbs, runs, jumps Kick ball
Goes up stairs with 2 feet
1 Year
Walking becomes more steady
Walks up and down stairs with both feet
3 Years
Walks on tiptoes
Rides tricycle
Catches ball with straight arms

6. Small Motor Skills 2 Years Turns pages of book (1 at time)
Horizontal and vertical lines
Tower 8 blocks high
1 Year
Pincher grasp
Pull down zippers
Turn door knobs
Stack few blocks
3 Years
Cuts inaccurately
Draws recognizable pics
Fork and spoon
Tower 10 blocks high

7. Toddlers and Self Feeding
Learn food attitudes from parents
Small stomachs (3-4 hrs)
No pressure
No rewards

8. Learning Self Feeding Skills
Practice, Practice, Practice
Messy, Messy, Messy
amynnasser.photoshelter.com

9. Social skills and family bonding
2 Years
Include fork use
Long time and messy
Time to perfect
Social skills and family bonding
1 Year
Simple foods
Limit salt and sugar
Finger foods best
Spoon skills (18 months)
Drinking cup
3 Years
Chew with all teeth
Skilled with utensils
Healthy diet

10. Good Food Choices D A I R Y
3 Cups
LOW FAT
Bad Food Choices

11. Good Food Choices Bad Food Choices F V R E U G I E T T A A B N L D E
3 Cups

12. G R A I N S
Good Food Choices
Bad Food Choices
4 oz

13. Good Food Choices
5 oz M E A T
Bad Food Choices

14. Making food look good for children
Include the following:
Color
Texture
Shape
Temperature
Ease of eating

15. Practice, practice, practice
Dressing Children
Practice, practice, practice
large motor skills
small motor skills
Learn
Common
mistakes

16. When choosing clothes for toddlers,
Look for….
Durability
Comfort
Economy

17. It’s finally time for POTTY TRAINING! Between 18 months and 4 years
Between 18 months and 4 years
Physically and emotionally ready
Control sphincter muscle
Recognize body sensations
Bowel before urine
Own size
Sounds
DO NOT PUSH

18. Bathing 1 Year---rub cloth over body 2 Years---wash and rinse
3 Years---little help or supervision
Never leave unattended
Slip proof mat on bottom of tub
Shower when ready
Turn down water temp

19. Sleep Patterns in Toddlers
Toddlers start having regular sleep patterns.
Around 2 yrs. no morning nap
Around 3 yrs. no afternoon nap
Eventually they will only sleep at night (8-12 hrs)

20. What type of sleep disruptions occur for toddlers
Fears
Trouble falling asleep (routine)
Adult presence
Distractions
Over stimulation

21. SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN TODDLERS

22. Year 1 Emotions
Self centered
Negativism
Temper tantrums

23. Speech and motor improvement
Year 2 Emotions
Speech and motor improvement
More patient
Less self centered
Not easily distracted
Independent!

24. 3 Year Emotions Cooperative Love praise Fears set in Bad habits begin
Routines can help

25. Specific Emotions of Toddlers
Anger
Where direct it?
Fear
Common fears
Jealousy
Sibling rivalry
Love and affection
Future relationships
Empathy
Sorry

26. Positive Self Concept How we see ourselves
Actions, attitudes and comments
1-3 yrs critical
Act the part
Mastering skills (challenge them)

27. Is my child developing normally?
Do they have a good relationship with you?
Do they want your praise and approval?
Do they turn to you for good and bad?
Do they tell you significant events in their life?
Do they accepts limits and discipline?

28. Social Skills Year Two Interaction Communication Year Three
Do for me but not you
Fairness
Fight (forgive and forget)
Year Three
Cooperative play
Work together
Share?
Compare self to others
Year One
Parallel play
Objects not humans
Actions do affect others

29. Friends For normal social development:
Children need at least one friend
If not interested, why?
Dependent upon socialization

30. Some hang around, other disappear
Yes, it’s normal
Some hang around, other disappear
Good part
Bad part
How long do they stay?
Imaginary Friends

31. Guiding Toddlers Purpose of guidance is????????
This is ability to control own actions
Be sure technique is age and developmentally appropriate!

32. Reasonable, loving guidance
Techniques that work!
12-15 months
Distraction
Physical removal
2 years
Spoken command
Explanation
Reasoning
15-24 months
Distraction
Physical removal
Spoken restrictions
3 years
Reasonable, loving guidance

33. How do I teach my child to share?
Role model
Activities that require sharing
Limit materials
Pass out snacks/treats
Sharing words

34. Stacey, who is four, was playing with blocks at her child care center
Stacey, who is four, was playing with blocks at her child care center. Another child the age came to the block area and began to play also. Stacey protested that the blocks were for her to play with. One of the center’s staff heard them talking.
Can the work it out on their own?
Explain sharing? Work together on something?

35. For the holiday, three year old Johnny and his two year old brother Randy both received coloring books. Randy like the characters in his brother’s coloring book and tried to take it. Johnny got mad and tried to get it back. Their parents heard the argument and came to see what was happening.
Do you have to share gifts?
Distract randy by showing him his pictures
Ask if sharing would be ok. Trade 1 page each?

36. Megan and her neighbor Sondra are playing in the sandbox in Megan’s back yard while Megan’s father watches them. They are both 18 months old. Sondra reaches for a toy that Megan wants. She pushes Sondra and grabs the toy herself. Sondra falls down into the sandbox and starts to cry.
Give to to Sondra (meagan needs to)
Give Megan another toy for distraction?

37. Charlie, who is two, and Carrie, who is three, are at the pool with their mother. She is taking turns giving them rides around the pool. Carries gets mad because she says Charlie has gotten more rides than she has.
Mom reinforce fairness/sharing
Show how it is fair

38. Ben, who is almost two, has gotten into the emergency candle drawer where his parents keep matches. His father catches him.
Tell him matches are bad?
Remove him form the area
Distract him with something appropriate
Move the matches?

39. Intellectual Development
in Toddlers

40. ROLE OF INTELLIGENCE Intelligence is…
the ability to interpret or understand everyday situations and to use that experience when faced with new situations or problems.
Intelligence is shaped by heredity because…..
Intelligence is shaped by environment because…
Toddlers and preschoolers form their attitudes toward learning that will last a life time. If curiosity is encouraged, the child develops a positive attitude toward learning

41. Trial and Error Learning
METHODS OF LEARNING
Trial and Error Learning
Incidental Learning
Imitation
Directed Learning

42. SIZE color shape TIME What is a concept?
This is how toddlers organize information they receive from the outside world.
SIZE
color
shape
TIME

43. Intellectual Activity
Intellectual activity is broken
down into 7 areas
All of these areas develop throughout life but are especially remarkable from years one to three.
The mind at work!

44. 1. ATTENTION What are your senses taking in right now?
see pictures, read words, light in the room, neighbors reaction, smells, room temperature, people being rude and talking…
You have learned to block a lot of this out, children cannot do that.
Children are easily distracted.
This develops with age. A 3 year old has a longer attention span than a 1 year old has

45. 2. MEMORY Without memory, there would be no learning.
As children age, their memory gets better.
Memory increases with age.

46. 3. PERCEPTION
As children gain new information, their brain begins to organize itself.
Talking to children and using descriptive words will help a child become more perceptive
Answering all the “why” questions will help to improve their perception.

47. 4. REASONING
This is basic to the ability to solve problems and make decisions. It is also important in recognizing relationships and forming concepts.
Toddlers learn to make good decisions through practice---give them a chance!
When giving them choices, keep them limited and simple

48. 5. IMAGINATION
This becomes apparent at about 2 years—scientists are uncertain if babies have imaginations.
Children use their imagination to connect what they see and hear with themselves.
Until the age of 5, children don’t understand the difference between reality and imagination

49. 6. CREATIVITY Imagination is used to produce creativity
The end result is usually a product (painting..)

50. 7. CURIOSITY NEVER stifle a child’s ability to learn and explore.
This is what causes children to wonder WHY!
Children begin to have new experiences and explore---they are curious.
NEVER stifle a child’s ability to learn and explore.

51. Planning Activities Attention Categorizing Creativity Curiosity
For each ability listed, come up with an activity, toy or game for a toddler that promotes that learning.
Attention
Categorizing
Creativity
Curiosity
Imagination
Memory
Perception
Reasoning

52. HELPING TO GUIDE LEARNING
TAKE ADVANTAGE OF SIMPLE LEANING ACTIVITIES such as
GIVE ONLY AS MUCH HELP AS THE CHILD NEEDS such as
ENCOURAGE CHILDREN TO DRAW THEIR OWN CONCLUSIONS such as
KEEP EXPLAINATIONS SIMPLE AND ON CHILD’S LEVEL such as
TAKE FREQUENT BREAKS because

53. Toys are an important part of play.
PLAY ACTIVITIES AND TOYS
Toys are an important part of play.
Toys allow children to use their…
Toys encourage development of…
Toys help children learn to …

54. EVALUATING TOYS FOR TODDLERS
Safety
Durable
Ease of cleaning
Colorful
Easy to handle
Imagination

55. AGE APPROPRIATE TOYS 3-4 years 1-2 YEARS 2-3 years
Emphasis on small motor skills
Dressing dolls
Cars/trucks
Clay/color/paint
Puzzles
Tricycles
Learn through exploration
Household objects
Swings
Balls
Dolls
Simple puzzles
2-3 years
Child imitates adults
Household toys (play kitchen…)
Crayons
Books
Large blocks
sandbox

56. Children vary greatly in their timing of speaking skills.
SPEECH DEVELOPMENT
The first 3 years of life are the “window of opportunity” for learning words.
Children’s language development is strongly influenced by how caregivers and older children speak to them.
Children vary greatly in their timing of speaking skills.

57. BASIC SPEECH DEVELOPMENT FOR INFANTS
FOR ONE YEAR OLDS
FOR THREE YEAR OLDS
Speak in a clear, engaging way
Encourage them to talk back
Talk a lot
Use more words in sentences (3-6 words)
They tend to add “s” to end of words (foots)
FOR TWO YEAR OLDS
They start combining words
Make short sentences
Use basic rules of grammar (pronouns)

58. Speech language pathologist
SPEECH DIFFICULTIES
Some children are “late talkers”. If a child doesn’t understand what is being said or speaks very little they should be evaluated by a professional.
Speech language pathologist
It is important for children to be identified and helped as early as possible.
Some common causes of speech problems are poor hearing, mental retardation, learning disabilities, and emotional problems.

59. Many children have problems with articulation.
SPEECH PROBLEMS
It is common for some children to skip syllables of words or leave off endings of words.
As a parent/caregiver, avoid constantly correcting a child’s speech problems. It makes the child feel more insecure.

60. Cause of stuttering is not completely understood.
Stuttering is a more serious problem. This occurs because their speaking and thinking abilities are immature. Sometimes their mind goes faster than their mouth.
Cause of stuttering is not completely understood.
As a parent/caregiver, do not finish the word for the child. You may think you are being kind but you are not helping the child to speak better.
Children with speech problems need extra love. Ridicule and correction only make the problem worse.

61. You think you know all about toddlers? Great.
Now you get to learn all about pre-schoolers!
You are NEVER done learning.