2. Chapter 5 Academic World Cultures

3.  Pan-Africanism – movement to end colonialism and unify all of Africa  Symbolized by Pan-African colors – ▪ Red, Green and Yellow AND/OR Red, Green and Black  Many African flags were inspired by two flag designs:  The Ethiopian Flag – Africa’s earliest modern independent nation  Marcus Garvey’s flag (leader of UNIA or “Back to Africa” movement)

6.  World War II and Cold War both helped African nations gain their independence  World War II  European nations are exhausted from the war ▪ In their weakened condition, they realize they cannot hold on to their colonies  Cold War – US vs. USSR  Competition between these two nations helps African nations gain independence ▪ USSR aided some African nations in return for their alliance ▪ US speaks out against colonialism in all its forms

7. ***In 1950, only 4 African nations were independent:  Liberia, Ethiopia, Egypt and South Africa ***During the 50’s and 60’s, African calls for freedom lead to the independence of many nations. **Several different methods were used to achieve independence.