1. STUDY OF COGNITIVE DEFICITS & DEPRESSION IN ADULTS WITH DOWN SYNDROME Surekha Reddy

2. THIS CHILD WAS BORN WITH DOWN SYNDROME

3. Down Syndrome is a Chromosomal Disorder and is the Most common cause of Mental Retardation and Malformation in a new born.

5. DOWN SYNDROME IS NOT A DISEASE AND IT CANNOT BE CURED Physical Characteristics of Down Syndrome There are certain physical characteristics which are common in Down Syndrome. These appear in about 80% of all cases. 1.The eyes have an upward and outward slant. 2.There is a fold of the skin on the inner side of the eye (epicanthal folds) 3.The face has a flat appearance

6. DOWN SYNDROME IS NOT A DISEASE AND IT CANNOT BE CURED Physical Characteristics of Down Syndrome There are certain physical characteristics which are common in Down Syndrome. These appear in about 80% of all cases. 4.The head is smaller than average 5.The ears are smaller and lower – set 6. The mouth is small and the lips are thin which leads to the tongue sticking out as the inside of the mouth is smaller.

7. 7.The neck appear short. 8.The hands are broad and flat with short fingers and there is a single crease across the palm the feet are broad with short toes and there is a larger space than normal between the big toe and the other toes. Cont….

8. 9.There is poor muscle tone (hypotonia) 10.Reflexes tend to be weaker and the cry is weak. Cont….

9. THE CHILD MAY ALSO HAVE  MOTOR CLUMSINESS  CARDIAC DEFECTS  BONE ANAMOLIES  VISION PROBLEMS

10. THE CHILD MAY ALSO HAVE  SPEECH AND ARTICULATE PROBLEMS  UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS  HEARING PROBLEMS  THYROID DEFICIENCY

27. Aim To findout the level of depression of Down syndrome individuals and their mothers and its impact on cognitive and adaptive behaviour.

28. Objectives  To develop the depression rating scale and assess the level of depression of Down syndrome.  To assess the cognitive function of the Down syndrome individuals.  To find out the relationship between cognitive functions and level of depression of the Down syndrome individuals.  To find out the impact of demographic variables on level of depression among the syndrome individuals.  To examine the relationship of the family support and level of depression among the Down syndrome individuals.  To find out the level of depression of the mothers of persons with Down syndrome.

29. HYPOTHESIS Hypothesis 1. There will be significant difference in the level of cognitive functions between male and female Down syndrome individuals. Hypothesis 2. There will be significant difference in the level of depression between male and female Down syndrome individuals.

30. Contd… Hypothesis 3. There will be significant difference in the level of depression between the Down syndrome individuals living in Joint and Nuclear family. Hypothesis 4. There will be significant relationship between the cognitive function and the depression of the Down syndrome individuals

31. Contd….. Hypothesis 5. There will be significant difference in the level of depression between Down syndrome individuals belong to different socio economic status. Hypothesis 6. There would be significant difference in the level of depression among the different age groups of mothers of the children with Down syndrome.

32. METHOD OF INVESTIGATION Sampling Design: Purposive sampling technique is used to collect the data. Research Design: This is study is cross sectional explorative in nature.

33. SAMPLING PROCEDURE Special School Initial screening by Neuropsychiatries Interview with parents Selection of samples

34. Contd…… Informed consent from parents Administration of Assessment tools Total Sample

35. Tools used for the study Down syndrome Depression Rating ScaleSurekha Reddy 2006 Wechsler Adult Performance Intelligence Scale (WAPIS-PR) Prabha Ramalinga Swami (Adapted Vineland Social Maturity ScaleEdward adoll adapted 1974 Family Assessment Device (FAD)Epstein et al 1983 Depression InventoryBeck revised 1971

36. Table No.1 Shows N, Mean, S. D, and ‘t’ Value for level of cognitive functions of the male and female down syndrome individuals. GroupNMeanS.D‘t’ ValueLevel of Significance Female3547.047.04 1.32 Not significant Male4549.027.88

37. Table No.2 Shows the correlation between the cognitive functions and level of Depression VariableN‘r’Level of Significance Intelligence 80 0.72 0.01 Depression

38. Table No.3 Shows the N, Mean, S.D, and ‘t’ value of level of Depression between Male and Female individuals v GroupNMeanS.D‘t’ ValueLevel of Significance Female3547.076.21 3.530.01 Male4551.496.23

39. Table No.4 Shows N, mean, S.D, and ‘t’ value for level of depression of individuals with Down syndrome living in different family type GroupNMeanS.D‘t’ ValueLevel of Significance Joint1538.749.10 5.220.01 Nuclear6549.604.15

40. Table No.5 Showing the analyses of variance of the level of depression among with the different age groups of mothers of the children with Down syndrome Source Variation Sum of Squares dfMean Square FLevel of Significance Treatments266.107388.702 2.98 0.05 Within Treatments 2848.40 2 9626.670 Total3114.5199

41. Table No.6 Shows mean, S.D, and ‘t’ level of depression between Down syndrome individual belong to different socio economic status GroupNMeanS.D‘t’ ValueLevel of significance HM2040.106.06 6.730.01 UMI6049.336.70

42. Findings 1.There was no significant difference in the level of cognitive functions between male and female DSI 2.There was a significant relationship between intelligence and depression 3.There was significant difference in the level of Depression between male and female DSI

43. Contd… 4. There was significant difference in the level of Depression between the Down syndrome individuals. living in joint and nuclear family 5. There was significant difference in the level of Depression among the difference age groups of mothers of Down syndrome individuals 6. There was significant difference in the level of Depression between the Down syndrome individuals belong to different socio economic status

44. Conclusion The adults with Down syndrome suffer cognitive deficits and also have early onset of depression. The mothers of the children with Down syndrome also suffer from psychological problems.

45. Limitations of the Study 1. Time factor was constrain the study 2. The study has been restricted only on adults with Down syndrome. 3. Counseling the parents was difficult and time consuming

46. Implications and Suggestions The present study found certain relationship between cognitive and psychological problems; this provides an insight and awareness to understand the problems adults with Down syndrome are going through. This awareness will be helpful for the teachers, special educators, social workers, Rehabilitative Psychologists and parents to start a comprehensive intervention at an early stage.

47. THANK YOU Surekha Reddy