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Settling the Northern Colonies
Chapter 3
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Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther 95 Thesis John Calvin Institutes of Christian Religion Predestination / Signs of Conversion Puritans Unhappy with slow progress Separatists
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Plymouth Pilgrims = Separatists Mayflower Plymouth Bay Squatters
65 days at sea / 102 people Plymouth Bay Squatters Mayflower Compact
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Cont. Winter 1620 – 21 1621 Fur, fish and lumber
44 survived 1621 Bountiful harvest First Thanksgiving Fur, fish and lumber Beaver and the Bible William Bradford = Great leader
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Bay Colony Massachusetts Bay Colony – 1630 Great Migration – 1630
11 vessels / 1000 immigrants Puritans Great Migration – 1630 70,000 refugees left England John Winthrop First Governor Prosperous Fur, fishing, shipbuilding City upon a Hill
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Building Bay Colony All males belonging to Puritan Church = vote
Not a democracy Thought democracy was worse form of government Enforce God’s laws Applied to believers and non-believers Church admission Interrogations Congregation had power Clergy banned from holding political office Separation of church/ state
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Cont. Puritans = worldly “Blue Law State” “Protestant Ethic”
Ate plentifully, drank heartily, sang songs “Blue Law State” Repressive laws
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Trouble Anne Hutchinson Roger Williams 14 children
Carried Puritan doctrine of predestination to the extreme Antinomianism Convicted of heresy Roger Williams Radical ideas Extreme Separatist Challenged the Bay colony’s charter Indians Banished / 1635
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Rhode Island Roger Williams – 1636 Freedom of Religion
Squatter colony Built Baptist Church Freedom of Religion Shelter abused Quakers Very liberal colony Manhood suffrage “The Sewer”/ “Lords Debris”
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New England expands Connecticut Hartford - 1635 New Haven – 1638
Dutch/ English Boston Puritans Fundamental Orders Modern constitution New Haven – 1638 Puritans Church-government alliance
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Cont. Maine New Hampshire Fishing, Fur Traders
Failing attempts to colonize Absorbed by Massachusetts Bay Colony New Hampshire Absorbed by Bay Colony King not happy with greedy Bay Colony Separated Massachusetts from new Hampshire = 1679
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Puritans versus Indians
Wampanoag Indians Squanto = learned English Massasoit Signed peace treaty with Pilgrims First Thanksgiving – 1621 Pushed off land Pequot War English and Narragansett Indians = Allies King Philip’s War Metacom 52 towns Slowed westward march
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Colonial Unity New England Confederation Helped form colonial unity
4 colonies Massachusetts Bay colonies (Plymouth, Bay) Connecticut Colonies ( New Haven, valley settlements) Defense Intercolonial problems Helped form colonial unity Charles II – not happy about this
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Control Dominion of New England - 1686 Glorious Revolution
Colonial defense Administration of the English Navigation Laws Smuggling Sir Edmund Andros Suppress town meetings, press, schools Glorious Revolution Salutary Neglect
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Dutch / New Netherland The Dutch East India company
State within a State 190 ships/ 10,000 men Hudson – 1609 Patroonships Settle 50 + Dutch West India Company Caribbean / Africa / Brazil Raiding $15 million New Netherland Fur trade New Amsterdam
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New York English did not like separation of Northern and Southern colonies English drove out the Dutch James – The Duke of York Arrives with a fleet in New Amsterdam’s harbor Dutch outnumbered - surrendered No shot fired James renames colony = New York Later gave portion of the land to his friends New Jersey
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William Penn William Penn “City of Brotherly Love”
Received a charter for Pennsylvania Quaker Equality, cooperation, religious toleration No ministers Dressed plainly, refused rank, opposed war Harassed “City of Brotherly Love” Every adult male settler received 50 acres of land and the right to vote Great relations with Native Americans
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Middle colonies Fertile soil Growth of Seaports “Bread colonies”
Rivers Susquehanna, Delaware, Hudson Commerce Lumbering – shipbuilding Growth of Seaports Most American Melting pot Religious toleration
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