1. F214: Communication, Homeostasis and Energy 4. 2
F214: Communication, Homeostasis and Energy Kidney Failure and Testing
outline the problems that arise from kidney failure and discuss the use of renal dialysis and transplants for the treatment of kidney failure
describe how urine samples can be used to test for pregnancy and detect misuse of anabolic steroids

2. Kidney failure can be caused by:
Diabetes mellitus (type I and type II sugar diabetes)
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Kidney Infection
If the kidneys fail, excess water and urea cannot be removed, which will eventually lead to death

3. Kidney Failure: Treatment
Research Task
Your task is to create a poster (similar to the year 12 project week) that explains the following. You can use Biology 2 p60-62 to help you
Dialysis including haemodyalysis and peritoneal dialysis
Kidney Trasnsplants

4. Success Criteria Your poster must contain: The science behind Dialysis
The advantages and disadvantages of Kidney Transplants
Appropriate diagrams

5. Questions
Using Cambridge Biology (p56-59) or OCR Biology (p50-51), answer the following as fully as you can:
How can urine be used to detect pregnancy?
How can urine be used to test for drug use in sports?

6. How can Urine be used to detect Pregnancy?
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG) secreted by embryo
Found in urine 6 days after conception
Pregnancy tests contain monoclonal antibodies
Antibody is specific to hCG
Test strip soaked in urine
hCG attaches to antibody tagged with a blue bead
hCG-antibody complex moves up the strip until it attaches to a strip of immobilised antibodies
This creates two blue lines- One to ensure the test is working, the second to indicate pregnancy

7. How can Urine be used to test for drug use in sport?
Anabolic steroids increase protein synthesis in cells
Causes build up of tissue in the muscles
Have a half life of 16 hours
Gas chromatography used to detect presence of steroids
Sample is vapourised with a solvent and passed down a tube
Absorption agent in tube lining is analysed to make a chromatogram