1. Modern Architecture Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp

2. Topics Modern Architecture Modern Architecture Modern Architecture: The Chicago School Modern Architecture: The Chicago School Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright Modern Architecture: European Modernism Modern Architecture: European Modernism

3. Modern Architecture The birth of modern architecture came from a realization that the future should not hinge on the past The birth of modern architecture came from a realization that the future should not hinge on the past Earlier periods had relied on even earlier periods to gain inspiration Earlier periods had relied on even earlier periods to gain inspiration Modern architecture wanted to look to the future Modern architecture wanted to look to the future

4. Modern Architecture: The Chicago School Early Modernism Early Modernism The Chicago School The Chicago School Late 19 th and early 20 th century Late 19 th and early 20 th century Vast building boom in the heart of Chicago in 1885 Vast building boom in the heart of Chicago in 1885 Great Fire of 1871 had destroyed much of the city Great Fire of 1871 had destroyed much of the city Leading architectural teams Leading architectural teams Burnham and Root Burnham and Root Holabird and Roche Holabird and Roche Adler and Sullivan Adler and Sullivan

5. Modern Architecture: The Chicago School Monadnock Building Monadnock Building c. 1889 – 1891 c. 1889 – 1891 Burnham and Root Burnham and Root Client had demanded an extremely simplified appearance Client had demanded an extremely simplified appearance Features Features Tall, elongated building Tall, elongated building 16 stories 16 stories Sheer brickwork Sheer brickwork Very simple with no décor or carvings Very simple with no décor or carvings

6. Modern Architecture: The Chicago School http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

7. Modern Architecture: The Chicago School http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

8. Modern Architecture: The Chicago School Marquette Building Marquette Building Holabird and Roche Holabird and Roche 1893 – 1894 1893 – 1894 Has a modern theme with a hint of the Classical Has a modern theme with a hint of the Classical Features Features Paneling and cornice work at the top Paneling and cornice work at the top Continuous piers that support massive lintels recessed in the center bays Continuous piers that support massive lintels recessed in the center bays

9. Modern Architecture: The Chicago School http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

10. Modern Architecture: The Chicago School http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

11. Modern Architecture: The Chicago School Walker Warehouse Walker Warehouse 1888 – 1889 1888 – 1889 Adler and Sullivan Adler and Sullivan Considered a stripped Romanesque style Considered a stripped Romanesque style Lack of rhythms, rustication, and carved ornament Lack of rhythms, rustication, and carved ornament Features Features Twin, arched entranceways Twin, arched entranceways Trabeated, flanking bays Trabeated, flanking bays

12. Modern Architecture: The Chicago School http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

13. Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright The youngest member of the Chicago School The youngest member of the Chicago School Flamboyant personality and a sense of prophetic mission in architecture Flamboyant personality and a sense of prophetic mission in architecture Studied for two years at the University of Wisconsin as an engineer Studied for two years at the University of Wisconsin as an engineer Decided he did not want to be an engineer Decided he did not want to be an engineer Designed the Larkin Building in Buffalo, NY Designed the Larkin Building in Buffalo, NY A radical leap into modern architecture A radical leap into modern architecture

14. Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright Larkin Building Larkin Building Buffalo, NY Buffalo, NY 1904 1904 Represented a leap into modern architecture from the 19 th century Represented a leap into modern architecture from the 19 th century Features Features Rectangular, skylit atrium Rectangular, skylit atrium Reception facilities, lavatories, lockers, and office space Reception facilities, lavatories, lockers, and office space

15. Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

16. Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

17. Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright Winslow House Winslow House 1893 1893 Frank Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright River Forest, IL River Forest, IL A study in contrasts A study in contrasts Front of the house was all geometric Front of the house was all geometric Rear garden of the house was completely different than the front Rear garden of the house was completely different than the front Shattered the front’s boxlike structure with splintered, aggressive forms Shattered the front’s boxlike structure with splintered, aggressive forms

18. Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

19. Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

20. Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright Francis W. Little House Francis W. Little House 1913 1913 Frank Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright The grandest of Wright’s early interiors The grandest of Wright’s early interiors Now installed in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City Now installed in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City

21. Modern Architecture: Early Frank Lloyd Wright http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

22. Modern Architecture: European Modernism Josef Maria Olbrich Josef Maria Olbrich Viennese architect who built the first modern structure in Vienna, Austria Viennese architect who built the first modern structure in Vienna, Austria Secession Building Secession Building One of the founders of the Viennese Secession One of the founders of the Viennese Secession Architectural movement of modernism in Austria Architectural movement of modernism in Austria

23. Modern Architecture: European Modernism Secession Building Secession Building Vienna, Austria Vienna, Austria 1898 – 1899 1898 – 1899 Designed for exhibitions Designed for exhibitions Features a sky lighted interior framed by closed outer walls Features a sky lighted interior framed by closed outer walls Façade is reminiscent of an Egyptian pylon Façade is reminiscent of an Egyptian pylon

24. Modern Architecture: European Modernism http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

25. Modern Architecture: European Modernism Auguste Perret Auguste Perret French architect who used ferroconcrete in an aesthetically pleasing way French architect who used ferroconcrete in an aesthetically pleasing way Alliance of the tensile strength of steel with the compressive resistance of concrete Alliance of the tensile strength of steel with the compressive resistance of concrete Structures Structures Ponthieu Garage, Paris Ponthieu Garage, Paris Le Raincy Church, Near Paris Le Raincy Church, Near Paris

26. Modern Architecture: European Modernism Ponthieu Garage Ponthieu Garage Paris Paris Façade reflects the concrete post-and-beam construction behind it Façade reflects the concrete post-and-beam construction behind it 1905 1905

27. Modern Architecture: European Modernism http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

28. Modern Architecture: European Modernism Le Raincy Church Le Raincy Church Located near Paris Located near Paris 1912 – 1913 1912 – 1913 Medieval theme Medieval theme Modern ferroconcrete construction Modern ferroconcrete construction

29. Modern Architecture: European Modernism http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

30. Modern Architecture: European Modernism http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.html

31. References Sullivan, Mary; http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/ Sullivan, Mary; http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/ http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wdpt1.html http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wdpt1.html Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Prehistory to Postmodernity Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Prehistory to Postmodernity Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Architecture Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Architecture

32. Modern Architecture Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp