1. 1 Getting Started on Your Literature Search (PC5198) Part II 13 March 2013

2. 2 Outline Patent fundamentals & sources Bibliography/Reference management software EndNote JabRef

3. 3 Patent literat ure Why search

4. 4 of current technical knowledge found in patent documents cannot be found anywhere else Up to Source: http://ec.europa.eu/invest-in- research/pdf/download_en/patents_for_researchers.pdf 80%

5. 5 Reasons …  Avoid duplication of R&D  Determine patentability of your inventions  Avoid patent infringements  Identify key trends in technology development  Gain business intelligence on competitors’ innovative activities & strategies

6. 6 A set of exclusive rights given to the patent owner to enable him to prevent others from using, making or selling the invention covered by the patent in a country or region and for a specific period of time, generally not exceeding 20 years, in exchange for the public disclosure of the invention. What is a patent? ProtectionDisclosure

7. 7 Intellectual Property Patents Copyright© TM Trademarks® Trade secrets Unpublished Apple ® iPad ® Google ®

8. 8 Useful & have some form of practical application? Obvious? Patentability New or different from what is already known? Novelty Non-obvious Usefulness

9. 9 Types of patents Utility New and useful process, machine, article of manufacture or composition of matter Design New, original & ornamental design for an article of manufacture New & distinct, invented or discovered asexually reproduced plant Plant Appearance Functional aspects

10. 10 Patent application National patent offices E.g. Intellectual Property Office of Singapore (IPOS) Intellectual Property Office of Singapore United States Patent & Trademark Office (USPTO) United States Patent & Trademark Office Regional patent offices E.g. European Patent Office (EPO) European Patent Office International treaties E.g. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) administers 2 international treaties:World Intellectual Property Organization Paris Convention Entered in 1883, 174 contracting states Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) Entered in 1978, 144 contracting states

11. 11 Industry Liaison Office http://www.nus.edu.sg/ilo/index.html 11

12. 12 Patent Fields & Sections 12 Title Inventor information Assignee information Patent number Patent filing date Patent issue date Classification Referenced patents Abstract Drawings Background of the invention Brief description of drawings Detailed description of the preferred version of the invention Claims Source: Hitchcock (2009) Cover page “Claims” is the heart of a patent

13. 13 A patent gives its owner the right to practice the invention A patent can be sold outright or licensed in exchange for a royalty A patent owner can rely on law enforcement agencies to automatically prosecute someone who infringes the patented invention Once the patent term is up, the invention is free for public use

14. 14 In-force patent Product X Independent claim:  Step A  Step B  Step C Independent claim:  Step A  Step B  Step C Includes  Step A  Step C Product Y Includes  Step A  Step B  Step C  Step D  Step E Product Z Includes  Step A  Step B  Step D  Step E Not infringing Infringing Not infringing Possible to obtain a patent with A, B, C, D & E? Source: Ma, MY(2009) Exclusive right & infringement

15. 15

16. 16 Searching for patent information Searching for patent information

17. 17 Published patent applications Time lag of 18 months in most cases Patent application (Priority date) Publication of patent application

18. 18 Sources of patents  National patent databases US Patent & Trademark Office (USPTO) Search Patents > http://patft.uspto.gov/ Two databases: Search Patents http://patft.uspto.gov/ PatFT : US Patent Full-Text and Image Database (1790 --) AppFT : US Patent Application Full-Text and Image Database (Mar 2001--) Requires a browser plugin, TIFF Intellectual Property Office of Singapore (IPOS) ePatents, www.epatents.gov.sg/PE/ Coverage: Patent application & issued patents in Singapore www.epatents.gov.sg/PE/ Other national patent databases: www.wipo.int/patentscope/en/dbsearch/national_databases.html www.wipo.int/patentscope/en/dbsearch/national_databases.html

19. 19  Regional/International patent databases European Patent Office (EPO) Espacenet, www.espacenet.com www.espacenet.com Coverage: Over 70 million patent documents worldwide, including all WIPO PCT applications, entire collection of European patent applications as well as patent applications from over 90 countries World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Patents > PATENTSCOPE, www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/ Patents www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/ Coverage: Published patent applications filed under the PCT (144 contracting states) & patent documents of participating National and Regional Patent Offices Sources of patents

20. 20  Free/Commercial websites Google Patents, www.google.com/patents Coverage: US issued patents (1790—present) & published applications www.google.com/patents PatSnap, www.patsnap.com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/ Coverage: United States Issued & Application (1876 - current); European Patent Issued & Application (1976 - current); PCT/WIPO (1976 - current); China (1980 - current); Japan (1976 - current); Korea (1983 - current); Norway (2001 - current); and more than 70 countries' patent family documents through INPADOC www.patsnap.com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/ Sources of patents Disadvantage: Time lag in integrating contents from source databases

21. 21 Patent classification systems  International Patent Classification (IPC) Administered by WIPO http://www.wipo.int/classifications/ipc/en/ http://www.wipo.int/classifications/ipc/en/  US Patent Classification (UPC) Administered by USPTO; not compatible with IPC http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/ http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/  European Patent Classification (ECLA) Administered by EPO, an extension of the IPC http://ep.espacenet.com/help?locale=en_EP&method=handleHelp Topic&topic=ecla http://ep.espacenet.com/help?locale=en_EP&method=handleHelp Topic&topic=ecla

22. 22 International patent classification SectionGPhysics ClassesG02Optics SubclassesG02BOptical elements, systems, or apparatus GroupsG02B 3/00Simple or compound lenses SubgroupsG02B3/10. Bifocal lenses; Multifocal lenses

23. 23 US Patent Classification

24. 24

25. 25 Combination of keywords & classifications Perform a preliminary keyword search Review results for relevance Extract the relevant patent classes Search tips

26. 26 Demo USPTO databases http://patft.uspto.gov/

27. 27 Assignee or Inventor : last name-first name-initial $ : Right truncation, at least 3 character infront “ ” : Phrase searching

28. 28 Quick Search

29. 29 Advanced Search

30. 30

31. 31 Searching by Class 977/734

32. 32 Demo http://www.patsnap.com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/

33. 33 PatSnap One time registration http://linc.nus.edu.sg/record=b2711099 http://linc.nus.edu.sg/record=b2711099

34. 34 Full text: US, EP, WO, CN Bibliographic only: JP, KR, NO Search interface Boolean: AND, OR, NOT Wildcard: ? (single char), * Proximity: ~

35. 35 Patent document

36. 36

37. 37 Patent analysis

38. 38 Patent analysis

39. 39 Patent analysis

40. 40 Adams, Stephen R. (2012). Information sources in patents. Berlin ; Boston, MA. [Call no.: T210 Ada 2012] Hitchcock, D. (2009). Patent searching made easy: : how to do patent searches on the Internet & in the library. Berkeley, CA : Nolo [Call no.: T210 Hit 2009] Ma, M. Y. (2009). Fundamentals of patenting and licensing for scientists and engineers. [Call no.: KF3114.85 Ma 2009] Ebook version @ http://linc.nus.edu.sg/search~S16/i=9789812834201 http://linc.nus.edu.sg/search~S16/i=9789812834201 Pressman, D. (2009). Patent it yourself: your step-by-step guide to filing at the U.S. Patent Office. Berkeley, Calif. : Nolo. [Call no.: KF3114.85 Pre 2009] NUS Libraries Patents Guide, http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/patents http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/patents Patent resources