1. Chapter 8: Adding a Disk — Unix Hard Disk Basics Installation and Configuration Barry Kane CMSC-691X

2. Basic Steps Choose Disk Install Hardware Create Device Files Partition Format file system Configure, Label, & Mount

3. Choose Disk SCSI IDE (ATA) Fibre Channel USB FireWire (IEEE 1394 or iLink)

4. SCSI Small Computer System Interface 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 or 160 MB/sec. 7 to 15 devices per bus Good at arbitrating multiple bus requests

5. The Evolution of SCSI VersionFreq.WidthSpeedLenDiff. Len SCSI-15 MHz8 bits5 MB/s6m25m SCSI-25 MHz8 bits5 MB/s6m25m Fast SCSI-210 MHz8 bits10 MB/s3m25m F/W SCSI-210 MHz16 bits20 MB/s3m25m Ultra SCSI20 MHz8 bits20 MB/s1.525m W-U SCSI20 MHz16 bits40 MB/s1.525m W-U2 SCSI40 MHz16 bits80 MB/s—25m (HVD) 12m (LVD) W-U3 SCSI80 MHz16 bits160 MB/s—12m (LVD)

6. IDE Integrated Drive Electronics Inexpensive competes for bus access (only one at a time) max 2 devices/bus Dependent on BIOS –First 1024 cylinders for boot access

7. Connect the Disk IDE- choose master or slave, and IDE bus number SCSI - make sure cables are properly terminated. Pick device number.

8. Low Level Format Make sure device entry exists (/dev/xxxx) Format the disk using manufactures programs -- most disks come preformated

9. Partition fdisk, pdisk, cdisk File systems and swap –ext2 –Fat32 –Unix –Swap –HFS –Others....

10. Create File System Unix, Swap, or other file systems mkfs or newfs Check the file system - fsck –Also used to repair a fs with the -r option –Can walk through the fstab file and check partitions in the order specified by the Pass parameter

11. Label and Mount mount & umount –mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom –umount /mnt/cdrom –mount -a

12. Label and Mount /etc/fstab file –Device file or virtual file system –Mount point –File system type –Options –Dump –Pass#

13. fstab file example # DeviceMountpointFStypeOptionsDumpPass# /dev/wd0s1b noneswapsw00 /dev/wd0s1a /ufsrw11 /dev/wd0s1f /usrufsrw22 /dev/acd0c /cdromcd9660ro, noauto00 proc /procprocfsrw00 server:/export /servernfsrw00

14. Adding a Disk to Red Hat Linux Install new disk –IDE make sure bios can recognize –SCSI scan SCSI bus for ID conflict SCSI bios can low level format if no interface boot to see if you must install a SCSI driver before the kernel can recognize the disk

15. Adding a Disk to Red Hat — cont Ignore initial warnings about the partition table — partitioning after system booted First check to see if device files exist –form /dev/sdXN –first on chain, first partition /dev/sda1 If no device file then make them –/dev/MAKEDEV script e.g., # cd /dev #./MAKEDEV sda

16. Adding a Disk to Red Hat — cont Ready for partitioning — fdisk –many variations — read man page for system Good to make first partition small to ensure for old BIOS and other operating systems Warning if greater than 1024 cylinders –for runtime software (e.g., LILO) –other OS boot & partition software e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK

17. Adding a Disk to Red Hat — cont fdisk program –interactive — press m for command list –command list n to create a new partition t to change the partition type p to print the partition table w to write the partition table to disk

18. Adding a Disk to Red Hat — cont –nothing changed on disk until you tell fdisk to write the partition table room for four “primary” partitions but can”extend” by pointing to another table with four more Command (m for help): new e extended p primary partition (1-4): p Partition number (1-4): 2 First cylinder (256-5721, default 256): 256 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (256-1275, default 1275): 511

19. Adding a Disk to Red Hat — cont 2nd partition — create a swap partition –change type to LINUX SWAP 3rd partition — remainder of disk Command (m for help): type Partition number (1-4): 2 Hex code (type L to list codes): 82 Changed system type of partition 2 to 82 (Linux swap)

20. Adding a Disk to Red Hat — cont Review Command (m for help) print Disk /dev/sda: 255 heads, 63 sectors, 5721 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 bytes DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem /dev/sda1 1 255 204825683Linux /dev/sda2 256 511 205632082Swap /dev/sda3 512 57214184932583Linux

21. Adding a Disk to Red Hat — cont If satisfied write the table to disk Command (m for help) write The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl( ) to re-read partition table. SCSI device sda: hdwr sector=512 bytes. Sectors=91923356 [44884] [44.9GB] sda: sda1 sda2 sda3 Syncing disks.

22. Adding a Disk to Red Hat — cont Make a file system on your new partitions –mk2fs /dev/sda1 –mkswap -c /dev/sda2 Check the new file system –fsck -f /dev/sda1

23. Adding a Disk to Red Hat — cont Mount the partition –mount /dev/sda1 /tmp Enable swap –swapon /dev/sda2 Check your work df /tmp Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/hdb1 2071384 349816 1616344 18% / Edit the fstab file to save your work for next time