1. Chapter 6: The world of Islam (600 – 1500)

2. Section 1: The Rise of Islam
The Arabs
Arabian Peninsula
Arabs
Sheikh
Allah
The Black Stone
Kaaba, in the city of Makkah (Mecca).

3. Section 1: The Rise of Islam
The Life of Muhammad
Muhammad
Khadija
Revelations from God.
angel Gabriel
Quran
Islam
Muslims
Madinah (Medina)
Hijrah
Bedouin
Hajj

4. Section 1: The Rise of Islam
The Teachings of Muhammad
Islam
Monotheistic
Salvation and an afterlife
Muhammad
Preacher but not divine
Five Pillars of Islam
Belief
Prayer
Charity
Fasting
Pilgrimage
Shari’ ah
Other principles of behavior

5. Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors
Creation of an Arab Empire
Abu Bakr
Caliph
Arab Conquest
Jihad
Arab Rule
Madinah
After Abu Bakr
Conquered territories
Muslim administrators were tolerant

6. Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors
The Umayyads
661 – Mu’awiyah, the governor of Syria became Caliph
Calipahate hereditary within his family
Established the Umayyad Dynasty – capital from Madinah to Damascus, Syria
Conquests
8th Century North Africa –Berbers
710 – Strait of Gibraltar
Split in Islam
The Umayyad Dynasty
Revolt in Iraq
Led by Hussein, son of Ali, the Son-in-law of Muhammad
The revolt led to split in Islam
Shia
Sunni

7. Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors
The Abbasid Dynasty
In 750, Abu al-‘Abbas, descendant of Muhammad’s uncle, overthrew the Umayyad Dynasty
Abbasid Rule
new capital in Bagdad
influence from the Persians
ideal citizens
Harun al-Rashid
al-Ma’mun
Trade routes
The bureaucracy of the Caliph
Vizier, advised the Caliph
Decline and Division
Problems did exist
Rulers within the Empire would break away from the empire

8. Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors
Seljuk Turks and the Crusades
The Fatimids
The Seljuk Turks
Nomadic people from central Asia
Sultan – “holder of power”
The battle of Manzikert in 1071
The Crusades
The Byzantine Emperor Alexius I
1169 – Saladin

9. Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors
The Mongols
Nomadic tribe, horse riding and very destructive
1258 – Hulegu
strong hatred of Islam
Mamluks
Eventually the Mongols in the region converted to Islam

10. Section 3: Islamic Civilization
Prosperity in the Islamic World
Trade was a key
Morocco
Role of the Cities
Great Cities:
Bagdad, Iran – Abbasid Dynasty
Cairo, Egypt, - Fatimids Dynasty
Damascus, Syria – Umayyad Dynasty
Islamic cities were distinctive – Impressive structures were palaces, of the caliphs, and Mosques
Bazaars – covered market
  The Importance of Farming

11. Section 3: Islamic Civilization
Islamic Society
Politics, economics, and social life are all covered in Islamic Teachings
Social Structure
All Muslim people are equal in the eyes of Allah
Non-Muslims were not equal
Slaves
Slaves would serve in the military
Slave women were domestic servants
Islamic law stated that slaves should be treated fairly and should eventually be able to gain their freedom

12. Section 3: Islamic Civilization
The Role of Women
Quran – men and women were spiritual and social equals
Women
Family and society
All women had a male guardian (Adult family member)
Men had to pay a dowry
Older customs

13. Section 4: The Culture of Islam
Philosophy, Science and History
Arabs – Translated Greek philosophy – Plato and Aristotle into Arabic
Preservation of Knowledge
Islamic Advancements
Islamic Scholars
Ibn-Rushd
Scholars – contributions in mathematics and sciences
Numerical system
Astronomy
Astrolabe
Medicine
Ibn Sina
History
Ibn-Khaldun
Muqaddimah

14. Section 4: The Culture of Islam
Literature
Omar Kyayyam (KY-YAHM) – wrote Rubaiyat and The Nights also called The Arabian Nights – a collection of folktales, fables and romance.
Story of Aladdin and the magic lamp was added later along with other stories

15. Section 4: The Culture of Islam
Art and Architecture
Mix of Arab, Persian, and Turkish
Art in their Architecture
Mosques
Samarra Mosque
Minaret
muezzin
Palaces
Alhambra
Art