1. The Dublin Region
Core Irish Region

2. The Dublin Region Learning Intention
Understand how the physical characteristics of the Dublin region can affect the area and its people, both economically and socially.
Analyse the interaction between physical, economic and human processes in the region.
Compare and contrast the characteristics of the Dublin region and the West of Ireland.

3. Today’s Learning..... Identify the region on a map of Ireland.
Draw an outline sketch map of Ireland.
Show the boundary of the Dublin region on this sketch map.
Identify a number of features in the region.

4. Map Draw an outline sketch map of Ireland.
Mark and identify the Dublin region.
Locate and mark in;
A river in the region
A mountain range
A main
Communication link
The main urban centre

5. Exam Question

6. Todays Learning Intention
Review some general characteristics of the Dublin region
Examine the Dublin region’s physical processes
Climate
Soil
Relief
Drainage

7. Core Region
It is a focal point/nodal point of the main road and rail networks (with two sea ports and an international port).
It is the financial and administrative capital (with the seat of government).
Well-drained lowland area with fertile soils and sheltered harbours.
High population density – 1 million people
In-migration.
Attracts industry due to young, educated workforce.
It is a quickly growing region.

10. Physical Processes
Climate
Soil
Relief
Drainage

11. Climate Daylight: the region receives 4 hrs sunshine per day
Cool temperate oceanic/maritime
Warmer and drier than the Western Region
Temperatures: 16 ˚C in the summer and average 5.5˚C in the winter
Rainfall: 800 mm of rainfall annually
Rainfall is lower than elsewhere in country
Rain shadow effect: most precipitation is lost before the Atlantic depressions reach the Dublin region
Rain-bearing south-westerly winds have less impact in this region
Daylight: the region receives 4 hrs sunshine per day
Growing season: is approximately 270 days
Coastal location: less frost in spring
Crops planted in the Dublin region ripen earlier than crops elsewhere

14. Soil Brown earths Deep fertile soil - easily cultivated
High humus content - deciduous forests covered the region
Alluvial deposits- local rivers
Blanket bogs- Dublin Mountains

15. Market Gardening North Dublin Marine, light, sandy soils Free draining
Ideal for market gardening/horticulture
Growing salad crops in green houses for a nearby urban market

16. Soils in the Dublin Region

17. Relief & Drainage Mainly lowland Undulating towards the north and west
Good drainage
Main rock type-limestone
Permeable sedimentary rock -allows water to drain freely
Well-drained; River Liffey, Tolka and Dodder

19. Pair-share.... Climate type? Hours of Sunshine? Temperature range?
Days in the growing season?
Annual rainfall?
Less frost..why?
Main soil type?
Main rock type?
3 rivers?

20. Comparison Table Physical Characteristics West of Ireland
Dublin Region
Climate
Soil
Relief
Drainage

21. Dublin Region
Primary Economic Activities

23. Agriculture
Dublin Region

24. Agriculture Dublin region is highly productive and commercial
Area only has about 1,500 farms,1% of the national total
Highly urbanised
Farm incomes 40% higher than the national average
Lowland
Highly mechanised and intensive
E.g. -region produces 11% of the national wheat crop and 15% of the national potato crop

25. Deep, fertile soils
High yields of tillage crops e.g. wheat and barley
Malting barley is used for the brewing and distilling industry
Protein-rich barley is used for animal feed
Farming output is high due to demands of a nearby large and wealthy urban market
Due to close proximity to Dublin city transport costs are low

26. Age profile of farmers is lower than in the West
Farmers are well educated – use a market orientated and scientific approach
Farmers specialise in market gardening – migrant workers from Dublin city are used for labour
Cabbage & Onions main crops
Farms are constantly under threat from urban sprawl – encouraging farming to be intensive and profitable

27. Fishing
Dublin Region

29. Fishing Main fishing port -Howth Third largest port in Ireland
Value -€5 million
Dublin Bay prawns- 40% of total shellfish exported

30. Challenges... Fishing declining Overfishing-1960s
35% of fish landed in Ireland-caught in Dublin ports
3 % in 2000
Aquaculture limited
Irish Sea more polluted than Atlantic Ocean

31. Exam Question
Describe and explain any two physical factors that have influenced the development of agriculture in an Irish region studied by you. (30m)

32. Comparison Table Primary Economic Activities West of Ireland Dublin
Agriculture
Fishing

33. Dublin Region
Secondary Economic Activities

34. Secondary Economic Activities
25% Ireland’s manufacturing industries
40% of people employed in the manufacturing sector are in this region
Nodal point: a focus of routeways, rail and air networks
EU and worldwide markets
Direct governmental involvement during the 1990s resulted in 60% of all new industry developed in Dublin region

36. Low rate of corporate tax of 12.5% for new industries
Modern infrastructure, state-of-the-art telecommunication links and easily accessible industrial estates
Abundant well-educated workforce
80% of Ireland’s colleges are located in the region

37. Low age profile- 45% of population under 25 years of age
Industrial output per worker is higher
Manufacturing wages 10% higher than the national average
People of the Dublin region are generally wealthier, this attracts producers of luxury-based goods
Location of the largest financial services sector in the country is in the IFSC in Dublin: businesses can avail of its financial management and business development advice services

39. Location of Industry
Traditional brewing and distilling, e.g. Guinness, and printing, e.g. Irish Independent
Modern growth industries of internet technology, e.g. Google, and pharmaceutical, e.g. Pfizer
Traditionally located within the city limits because of close proximity to the port and a good supply of local manual labour
Newer industries have tended to locate on the outskirts of Dublin city in close proximity to the M50 & Port Tunnel as it is easily accessible
Close to a large labour pool in the satellite towns
More spacious sites available

40. Case Study Wyeth/Pfizer Biopharmaceutical in Clondalkin
95 %of people employed in the plant have third level qualifications
Employs over 1,000 people
Just off the M50
Major contributor to scientific research in Ireland
Invested over €640 million in Science Foundation Ireland

41. Manufacturing is also now widely dispersed
5 of the world’s top 10 software companies located here (Microsoft/Google)
Dublin region is highly dependent on foreign investment with over 800 of its companies from overseas and 350 of those US-based companies
Dependence on foreign investment is an issue that can worry the Irish government
However….

42. Irish Times; Sat 23rd Feb 2013
Since the beginning of this year, some 27 overseas companies have announced new investments in Dublin involving the creation of more than 2,500 jobs across a variant of knowledge intensive sectors. Among these are household names such as PayPal, LinkedIn, Dell, Symantec, Allianz, Pfizer, Google and Accenture.
“Dublin is the engine of growth for foreign direct investment in Ireland,” says IDA chief executive Barry O’Leary. “Internationally, the city continues to become increasingly attractive to overseas investors, with a highly flexible talent pool offering and a strong cluster of world leading companies growing their presence.”

43. Exam Question
Describe and explain the development of secondary economic activities in an Irish region you have studied. (30m)
Explain two factors which influence either agriculture or industry in one Irish region studied by you. (30m)

44. Dublin Region
Tertiary Economic Activities

46. Tourism
The region is the main point of entry for visitors to the country
Benefited from the removal of Shannon as a stopover point
27 per cent of Irish visitors stay in region
Tourism earns €1 billion for the region annually
In 2008 over 4 million tourists visited Dublin
90 per cent of all scheduled air flights to Ireland land at Dublin airport
A year round business

47. Main Tourist Attractions
Trinity College- Book of Kells
Christchurch Cathedral
Dublin Castle
Four Courts
Guinness Storehouse
Museums
Croke Park

49. Transport Most efficient transport system in the country
Governmental investment under the NDP
Dublin port processes 50% of Irish trade
Dublin airport is the largest in the country and a major employer; it handled 20.9 million passengers in 2009
Well developed public transport system with Dublin Bus, DART (Dublin Area Rapid Transit) and the LUAS light rail system
Suffers badly from traffic congestion

51. Transport 90% of all commercial transport is by road
In 1997 during peak times traffic speed had been reduced in the city to 14 km per hour
Introduced the Transport 21 scheme
In 2006 construction of Dublin Port Tunnel
Upgrade the M50
Terminal 2 in Dublin Airport opened in 2010

53. Future Planning… Expansion of the DART lines to double its capacity
Expansion of QBCs
New Luas lines
Metro system
A fivefold increase in taxi numbers
Government need to introduce a policy of higher density housing along public transport routes
This is in line with the European model of cities
Urban infill (inner city renewal & regeneration) is also a policy that could be investigated

54. Exam Question Exam Question Examine the development of tertiary economic activities in an Irish region that you have studied. (30m)

55. Revision Quiz... Round 1 1.Climate type? 2. Hours of Sunshine?
3. Temperature range?
4. Days in the growing season?
5. Annual rainfall?
6. Less frost..why?
7. Main soil type?
8. Main rock type?
9. 3 rivers?
10. Number of farms?

56. Revision Quiz...Round 2 1. Length of growing season?
2. Main market gardening crops?
3. Main fishing port?
4. Brewing company?
5. Number employed in Wyeth/Pfizer
6. % in Wyeth/Pfizer with 3rd level qualifications?
7. % of flights landing in Dublin?
8. Book of Kells stored here?
9. Dublin’s light rail system?
10. Year that airport T2 opened?

57. Dublin Region
Human Processes

58. Population Dynamics
Textbook page 267
Note 6 SRP’s

59. Urban – Rural Development / The Growth of Dublin
‘The boundaries of a city have expanded over time.’ Discuss.
Textbook page

61. Exam Questions
Examine the development of one urban area in any Irish region studied by you. (30m)
Regions can be defined by many factors including;
Economic
Human
Physical
Explain how any one of the above factors has defined an Irish region studied by you. (30m)