1. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–1 Part 5: Employee Relations Chapter 13: Health, Safety, and Security Prepared by Linda Eligh, University of Western Ontario

2. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–2 Learning Objectives After you have read this chapter, you should be able to: 1.Define health, safety, and security and the young workers program. 2.Identify the basic provisions of occupational health and safety legislation, recordkeeping, and inspection requirements. 3.Discuss the issues surrounding hazard control including WHMIS and ergonomics. 4.Explain workplace violence as a security issue and describe some components of an effective security program. 5.Discuss the activities that constitute effective safety management.

3. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–3 Learning Objectives 6.Describe three workplace health issues and how employers are responding to them. 7.Specify several global health, safety, and security concerns.

4. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–4 Health, Safety, and Security Health  A general state of physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Safety  A condition in which the physical well-being of people is protected. Security  The protection of employees and organizational facilities.

5. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–5 Typical Division of HR Responsibilities: Health, Safety, and Security Fig. 13-1

6. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–6 Occupational Safety and Health Legislation Occupational Safety and Health Acts  All employees have three fundamental rights  Right to know  Right to participate  Right to refuse work Duty of Employers, Owners and Contractors  Due diligence: Employers shall take all reasonable precautions under the particular circumstances to prevent injuries or accidents in the workplace.

7. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–7 Occupational Health and Safety Legislation Duties of Supervisors  Advising workers of possible hazards  Providing training and written instruction  Ensuring worker compliance with OH&S Act and use or wearing of safety equipment, devices or clothing  Imposing discipline for continuous safety infractions when necessary Duties of Workers  Compliance with the OH&S Act and regulations. Use safety equipment and clothes properly, follow all safety procedures, report hazards and accidents, etc.

8. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–8 Occupational Health and Safety Legislation Duties of Joint Health and Safety Committee  Required in nine jurisdictions in Canada  Role is to provide a neutral environment where labour and management can work together to create a safe and healthy workplace  Require equal employee/employer representation  Required to meet regularly to deal with worker health and safety concerns, identify risks, perform routine workplace inspections and resolve work refusals

9. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–9 Proportion of all Occupational Injuries by Province, Territory 2000 Fig. 13-4

10. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–10 Compensation Rates and Methods Compensation Rates and Methods Social Goals First Aid Requirements And Reporting to WCB First Aid Requirements And Reporting to WCB Controlling Costs Workers’ Compensation

11. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–11 Proportion of Fatal Injuries by Industry Sectors Under Federal Jurisdiction in Canada from 1998 to 2002 Fig. 13-5

12. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–12 Occupational Health and Safety Legislation Workplace Inspections  No warrant/notice required  Thorough examination of the physical condition of the workplace by the inspector, usually accompanied by both employer and worker representatives Child Labour and Health and Safety  Concern for health and safety of young workers is real Penalties for Violation of OH&S Law  Federally, person fines range between $100,000 to $1,000,000 and/or two years’ jail term on indictment  Corporation fine > $500,000  Bill C-45 will increase incidents of jail time

13. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–13 Hazard Control Safety Hazards  Any force strong enough to cause injury in an accident. An injury caused by a safety hazard is usually obvious. Occupational Health Hazard  Any material or condition that may cause occupational injuries and/or illness. Includes chemicals (addressed by WHMIS training), physical agents, ergonomic hazards, and other stress agents.

14. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–14 Occupational Health Hazards Eliminate hazards Control the hazard Protect workers from the hazard

15. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–15 Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) LABELS MATERIAL AFETY DATA SHEETS (MSDS) TRAINING

16. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–16 Hazard Control Lockout/tagoutLockout/tagout Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ErgonomicsErgonomics Requirement that locks and tags be used to make equipment inoperative for repair or adjustment. Study and design of the work environment to address physiological and physical demands on individuals. Clothing or equipment worn to minimize a hazard. Cumulative Stress Disorders (CTDs) Protection from muscle and skeletal injuries from repetitive tasks.

17. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–17 Workstation Design Fig. 13-7 Source: Information on this page was compiled by the DEA651 class of 2000 – Bethany Johnson; Emily Kuperstein; Mari Mitchell; Heidi Tinnes; with Garrick Goh (TA) and Professor Alan Hedge, Cornell University Ergonomics Website, November 2, 2002. Reprinted by permission.

18. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–18 SecuritySecurity Top Security Concerns at Work:  Workplace violence  Internet/intranet security  Business interruption/disaster recovery  Fraud/white collar crime  Employee selection/screening concerns

19. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–19 Security Concerns at Work Domestic Causes Management Responses Workplace Violence Issues Training in Detection and Prevention

20. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–20 Profile of a Potentially Violent Employee Fig. 13-8

21. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–21 Security Management Security Audit Controlled Access Computer Security Workplace Security

22. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–22 Safety Management Inspection, Investigation and Evaluation Inspection, Investigation and Evaluation Safety Policies, Discipline, Record Keeping Safety Policies, Discipline, Record Keeping Participation (Safety Committees) Participation (Safety Committees) Training and Communication Organizational Commitment and a Safety Culture Organizational

23. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–23 Approaches to Effective Safety Management Fig. 13-9

24. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–24 Phases of Accident Investigation Fig. 13-10

25. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–25 Employee Health and Wellness StressStress Emotional/ Mental Health Job Stressors Reactions to Stress Workplace Health Issues

26. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–26 Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) Fig. 13-12 Source: Adapted from Hans Selye, The Stress of Life, McGraw-Hill, 1976. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Reprinted by permission.

27. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–27 Substance Abuse Substance abuse  Use of illicit substances or misuse of controlled substances, alcohol, or other drugs Substance Abuse, Testing and Legislation  “strong reasonable cause”  safety sensitive positions  “accommodate the needs”

28. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–28 Common Signs of Substance Abuse Fig. 13-14

29. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–29 Direct and Indirect Costs as a Result of Stress Fig. 13-15

30. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–30 Employee Health and Wellness Stress Management  Encompasses techniques to equip a person with effective coping mechanisms for dealing with psychological stress. Workplace Air Quality  “Sealed” buildings, reduced airflow, inadequate ventilation, airborne contamination, presence of chemicals and substances.

31. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–31 Employee Health and Wellness Health Promotion  A supportive approach of facilitating and encouraging healthy actions and lifestyles among employees. Wellness Programs  Programs designed to maintain or improve employee health before problems arise. Employee Assistance Program (EAP)  Program that provides counseling and other help to employees having emotional, physical, or other personal problems.

32. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–32 Health Promotion Levels Fig. 13-16

33. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.13–33 Global Health, Safety, and Security Kidnapping and Ransom Insurance International Emergency Health Services International Security and Terrorism EmployerConcernsEmployerConcerns PandemicsPandemics