1. Soil Conservation: Soil Conservation: towards sustainable agriculture

2. Introduction  Soil conservation is a combination of all methods of management and land use that safeguard the soil against depletion by natural or man- induced factors  Why should we care about soil ?  Why we must conserve it and use in sustainable manner ?

3. Soil Perform Several Vital Functions Sustaining plant and animal life below and above the surface Regulating and partitioning water and solute flow Filtering, buffering, degrading, immobilizing, and detoxifying Storing and cycling nutrients Providing support to structures

5. Why should we care about soil ? Why we must conserve it and use in sustainable manner ?

6. Overview / Points Overview / Points Definitions of soil erosion Impacts of soil erosion Methods of soil conservation Prediction models of soil erosion

7. Definitions of Soil Erosion

8. What is Soil Erosion? Soil Erosion is the process of moving soil (by wind or water) from place of origin to another location. Soil Erosion is the process of moving soil (by wind or water) from place of origin to another location.

10. Three step process of soil erosion

11. Types of soil erosion Soil Erosion Soil Erosion 1. Raindrop erosion 2. Sheet erosion 3. Rill and gully erosion 4. Streambank and bed erosion

12. Consequences of Misuse: © Foto: Kurniatun Hairiah, 2002

14. Impacts of Soil Erosion

15. Erosion Impacts

16. Sedimentation in DAM

17. Methods of Soil Conservation

18. Soil Conservation Methods Reduce rain drop impact. Reducing/slowing water movement across the land. Securing soil with plant roots. Increasing absorption of water. Carrying run-off water safely away.

19. Recommended Practices Cover crops Mulching Terracing Contour practices Strip cropping Add organic matter Conservation tillage Grass waterways Crop rotation Avoid overgrazing Conservation tillage Hedgerow, Agro- forestry

23. Mulching

24. Prediction Models of Soil Erosion

25. How do we estimate how much soil was eroded? Estimate sheet and rill soil erosion from water with the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) Estimate sheet and rill soil erosion from water with the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) RUSLE to estimate soil erosion. This is a computer generated estimator which is more specific in predicting soil loss. RUSLE to estimate soil erosion. This is a computer generated estimator which is more specific in predicting soil loss.

26. USLE/RUSLE  A = R x K x (LS) x C x P  A = Predicted average annual soil loss  (tons/ha/yr)  R = Rainfall factor  K = Soil erodibility factor  LS = Slope length and Steepness factor  C = Cover and management factor  P = Support practice factor

27. PURPOSE OF EROSION AN PREDICTION MODEL DEVELOP REASONABLE PLAN BASED ON SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION DEVELOP REASONABLE PLAN BASED ON SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION GUIDE MANAGEMENT DECISIONS GUIDE MANAGEMENT DECISIONS EVALUATE MANAGEMENT IMPACTS EVALUATE MANAGEMENT IMPACTS DETERMINE PRACTICE COST : BENEFIT DETERMINE PRACTICE COST : BENEFIT ASSESS RESOURCE INVENTORY ASSESS RESOURCE INVENTORY

28. Summary  Soil perform several vital functions and  Misuse of soil that affect soil erosion  Impacts of soil erosion are pollution of environmental  Methods of soil conservations are controls water runoff and soil erosion

30. Conservation of Soils The Science of Soils The Science of Soils © Foto: Kurniatun Hairiah, 2002 Reading Materials: Brady NC, 1990. The Nature and Properties of Soils Utomo W.H., 1990. Konservasi Tanah Cited from Internet

31. Measure Erosion in the field

32. Misuse of Soil

33. Vegetative and Physics