1. Dr. Wara Simon Teoh Daniel leong

2. Arctic ice cap is in trouble sea ice cover has been disappearing at approximately 70,000 km 2 per year ice has grown thinner by at least 40% over the last two decades a total melt-down of the Arctic will occur within our lifetimes

3. Impact Instead of reflecting about 90% of the solar radiation, the sea water will only reflects less than 10%. Can raise the global average rate of warming by 20%. Marine eco-system will change dramatically The Gulf Stream could slow down

4. Modelling of sea ice A simple mathematical modelling of sea ice behaviour can provide us a glimpse of the kind of challenges that we face. subject to a huge range of influences: air and water temperature, ocean currents and wind, to name but a few.

5. A simple model of Ice Growth Objective: How would a layer of ice behave if temperature was the only factor to consider? How fast would it grow and is there a limit to the thickness it can reach?

6. The model

7. The Maths m 2 floating on a column of water the rate of heat transfer The relationship between heat loss and the mass of a layer formed as ice losses heat Q = L / m The ice thickness grows by an amount Q/LD

8. The Maths (con’t) Giving dh/dQ= 1/LD ……(2) Combining equation (1) & (2) A solution to this is the function

9. Important features of Ice Growth ice thickness grows with time t ice thickness increases, the rate of growth slows An ice field of varying thickness will try to become level as thin ice grows more rapidly than thick ice

10. References Freiberger, M. (2010, Jan 27). Maths and climate change: the melting Arctic. Retrieved from http://plus.maths.org/issue46/features/wadha ms/index.html http://plus.maths.org/issue46/features/wadha ms/index.html AP. (2007 May 1). Arctic sea ice melting faster than projected. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from http://rogerebert.suntimes.comhttp://rogerebert.suntimes.com