1. UN Sustainable Development Goals
Team 3b
Dora Frances Sullivan-González
Cassandra Fagan
Kyungmin Kim
Marcelo Azagra

2. UN Sustainable Development Goals
Direct Water Implications:
Indirect Water Implications:
Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture
Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
Goal 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all
Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
Goal 15: Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, and halt biodiversity loss

3. All goals
Goal 2, 5, 6
Goal 6, 14, 15
All Goals
Goal 6, 12, 13, 14, 15

4. Water Resources
Goal is to support the protection of water resources from exploitation and pollution while meeting drinking water and sanitation needs, energy, agriculture and other uses.
Increase water productivity
Main focus areas: Improving irrigation efficiency, hydropower, and flood management strategies.

5. UN SDGs – Drinking Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene
Achieve universal access to safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene
No open defecation - Elimination
Basic access - Achieve universal access to basic drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene at home, health facilities, and schools
Safely managed services - Halve % of population without access at home to safely managed drinking water and sanitation
Equality - Progressively eliminate inequalities in access; Disaggregation of data
(Source: sustainabledevelopment.un.org)

6. UN SDGs – Drinking Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene

7. Implementation Process and Challenges
Creating the “enabling environment” through education
Infrastructure development
Monitoring, data, and reporting implication
Need modified and increased spending to cover existing and expand
Should not overburden countries with data collection costs if they lack human and financial resources
Need coordination between reporting agencies to expand and avoid overlap/duplication
Dependent on strengthening national regulatory and administrative reporting system
Need to reconcile universal goal with national, local, and basin-specific realities
Identifying data needs for many dimensions and interlinkages to ensure national relevance and measurability
(Source: Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation 2012 update)

8. Wastewater Pollution and Water Quality
-Current Situation and Issue (Necessary progress)
Reduce wastewater pollution and improve water quality by reducing untreated domestic and industrial wastewater by (x%)
increasing waste water reuse safely by (y%)
Reducing nutrient pollution by (z%) to maximize water resource availability and improve water quality.
Sanitation Service Chain

9. Wastewater Pollution and Water Quality
-Current Situation and Issue (Necessary progress)
Ensure the collection and treatment of used water
Increasing the amounts of used water that are re-used or recycled for beneficial purposes
Policies and regulations that lead to prevention of pollution and a reduction in the negative impacts of diffuse pollution, starting with, but not limited to the priority to reduce nitrogen and phosphorous pollution.
Global access to sewerage connection and sewerage connection with treatment in 2010
by country income group (adapted from Baum et al., 2013)

10. Wastewater Pollution and Water Quality
-Strengths
-Weaknesses and challenges
Centralized and decentralized
Adopt different kinds of water treatment technologies based on a location and use-specific.
Locally appropriate (temperature, rainfall, human, financial, material and spatial).
Strong governance : lack of clear, well-thought out policy
Financial aspects: policies should be support effective water and wastewater pricing system ensuring long-term operation and maintenance.
Lack of data: Before the processing, appropriate collecting, storing, analyzing and sharing water quality data should be prepared.
Centralized and decentralized: consider two different wastewater management system for large-scale users or individual users
Adopt different kinds of water treatment technologies based on a location and use-specific.
Locally appropriate: The choice of approach and technologies within that system should be context-specific and needs to be made based on the local environment (temperature, rainfall), culture and resources (human, financial, material and spatial).

11. WATER-RELATED DISASTERS

12. Damage Caused by Reported Natural Disasters
Climatological events caused by long-lived/meso to macro scale processes (in the spectrum from intra-seasonal to multi-decadal climate variability): Extreme Temperature, Drought, Wildfire
Meteorological events caused by short-lived/small to meso scale atmospheric processes (in the spectrum from minutes to days): Storm
Hydrological events caused by deviations in the normal water cycle and/or overflow of bodies of water caused by wind set-up: Flood, Mass Movement (wet)
Geophysical events originating from solid earth: Earthquake, Volcano, Mass Movement (dry)
Biological Disaster caused by the exposure of living organisms to germs and toxic substances: Epidemic, Insect Infestation, Animal Stampede
Source: EM-DAT

13. Target: Reduce mortality by x% and economic loss by y% from water-related disasters
Increased knowledge and understanding about communities at risk from water-related disasters, especially those likely to arise from climate change;
Adoption of integrated disaster risk management, including an appropriate mix of structural and non-structural approaches, to reduce mortality and economic losses from water-related disasters;
Adoption and implementation by countries of monitoring and people-centered early warning systems for communities most at risk from water-related disasters; 
Application of an end-to-end preparedness approach to water- related disaster management which sees the needs of user communities being met, to the last mile.
Source:
“Only with strong political commitment at the highest level can real progress towards a safer, more sustainable future be made”
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon

14. Four Core Indicators Mortality due to water-related disasters
Estimate of direct economic losses from water- related disasters
The proportion of at-risk communities with effective people-centred early warning systems
The percentage of all countries that have assessed their risk of water-related disasters and have set up plans and strategies for integrated disaster risk management,

15. Challenges
Agreement will need to be reached on a common system for classifying the severity of water related hazards, such as floods
Indicators for drought risk will need to consider socio-economic as well as environmental factors, and disaggregate the relative weights of these factors
Indicators will require modeling of demographic changes and remote-sensing to determine land-use and estimate exposure to water related hazards

16. Economic Facts
Economic loss risk to floods and cyclones in OECD countries is growing faster than GDP per capita
Economic risks with costs estimated at USD 1 trillion from 2000 to 2010
USD 55 million floodway was built to mitigate flood damage on the Red River in Canada. Since its completion in the 1960s, it has saved an estimated USD 28 billion in damages over 20 flooding events

17. Water Governance
Implement integrated approaches to water management at local, basin, and national levels including participatory decision-making
Deliver all drinking water supply, sanitation, and hygiene services in a progressively affordable, accountable, and financially and environmentally sustainable manner
Ensure regulatory frameworks are in place for water resources, infrastructure and services, and enhance the performance of responsible public authorities and their water operators
Strengthen knowledge transfer and skills development
The range of political, social, economic, and administrative systems that are in place to develop and manage water resources, and the delivery of water services, at different levels of society
(Source: sustainabledevelopment.un.org)

18. Challenges
Requires a concerted programme of education, knowledge, and skills development
“Costs” of governance are difficult to measure in economic/financial terms
Corruption impacts water, in particular in the supply of services and hydropower
Between 10-30% finances siphoned-off through corrupt practices
(Source: sustainabledevelopment.un.org)

19. UN SDGs - Summary
Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development