1. NONRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

2. Changes in U.S. Energy Use

3. Fossil Fuels Natural, nonrenewable energy resource
formed from remains of ancient organisms
oil, coal, natural gas
Most heavily used energy resource

4. Purposes of Fuel Transportation Manufacturing
Heating and cooling buildings
Generating electricity

5. Electric Power More convenient than fossil fuels
Can be transported across great distances
Difficult to store
Other energy sources are needed to create it

6. Electric Generator
Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy

7. Electric Generator

8. US Fossil Fuel Deposits

9. Coal Formation
From swamp plants of Carboniferous period (ending 286 million years ago).
Stages of coal forming over millions of years

10. Coal Formation

11. Oil and Natural Gas Formation

12. Coal Relatively inexpensive Little refining necessary
Make up most fossil fuel reserves
Rich deposits in Asia and N. America

13. Coal

14. Coal Mining
Mountaintop Removal Mining – entire coal seam is extracted

15. Air Pollution Burning coal releases pollutants into atmosphere CO2, CO
sulfur dioxides, nitrogen dioxides
particulates
heavy metals (Hg, As, Pb)

16. Air Pollution Clean-burning coal technology has reduced air pollution
Coal washing – mixing crushed coal ore with water and allowing impurities to settle

17. Locating Oil Deposits
Oil is located around major geologic features, which trap oil
folds, faults, and salt domes

18. Locating Oil Deposits
Geologists obtain data on oil deposits from Earth’s surface

19. Locating Oil Deposits
Wells are drilled to determine amount of oil

20. Locating Oil Deposits
If a large amount of oil is available it is extracted
Oil is transported to a refinery
converted into other products

21. Oil Deposits
Oil reserves - oil deposits that are in commercial production
Largest oil reserves: Middle East, US, Venezuela, and Siberia

22. Petroleum Complex molecules with many hydrogen and carbon compounds
Called crude oil
Used to create fuel, plastics, chemicals
Accounts for 45% of world’s energy use

23. Environmental Impacts
Petroleum fuel releases pollutants when burned
Contributes to air pollution and global warming

24. Refining crude oil.
Based on their boiling
points, components are removed at various levels
in distillation column.

25. Advantages and disadvantages of using oil as an energy resource

26. Environmental Impacts
Oil spills
tanker ships
leaking cars

27. Natural Gas 20% of nonrenewable energy supply
Cleaner burning than crude oil
Can be used by electric power plants and in homes

28. Natural Gas
Mixture of 50–90% methane (CH4), smaller amounts of ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), & butane (C4H10), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S);
Typically transported by pipelines;
Methane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas!

29. Advantages and disadvantages of using natural gas as an energy resource

30. Fossil Fuels and the Future
Supply 90% of the energy used in developed countries
Demand for energy - caused increase in cost of fossil fuels
Countries looking for cheaper alternatives