1. Workshop on Electrostatic Atomization of Electrically Insulating Liquids : Principles and Applications Applications of Electrostatic Atomization in Industry Presented by Rudolf J. Schick and Michel Thenin, Spraying Systems Co.

2. Who is Spraying Systems Co.? World Leader in Spray Technology —Headquarters in Wheaton, IL —10 manufacturing facilities in the Americas, Europe, Asia —85 local sales engineering offices around the world In attendance —Michel Thenin – General Manager and Life Science Global Director —Rudolf J. Schick – Vice President

3. Spray Performance Factors Spray Pattern Types Performance Considerations Specific Gravity Viscosity Surface Tension Temperature Abrasion/Corrosion Solid Stream Flat Spray Hollow Cone Full Cone Fine Spray —Hydraulic Atomization —Two-fluid Atomization (Air) Nozzle Flow Rate/Pressure Spray Angle/Coverage Drop Size Impact Liquid & Environmental Considerations Automation & Control Requirements Intermittent Timing Control Flow Control Batch Control Installation restrictions Nozzle positioning Headers & lances Adaptability

4. Optimizing spray performance Spray System Optimization

5. Spray Coating Most Popular Spray Application Covers many industries —Paper —Steel —Food —Pharma Generally involves depositing a chemical on a moving target APPLICATION OF INTEREST

6. Keys For Success Optimization of spray distribution/patternation A B C D1 D2 D3 SPRAY ANALYSIS

7. Keys For Success Optimization of drop size distribution SPRAY ANALYSIS

8. Current Practice General Industrial Applications —Traditional Flat Fan Nozzles —Hydraulic Atomization —Low Cost —Overlap (Ideal – optimized) —Drop size (adequate) —Transfer Efficiency (optimized) —Adaptability (rigid) Higher Precision Industrial Applications —Two Fluid Nozzles —Pneumatic Atomization —High Cost —Overlap (adequate) —Drop Size (Ideal – optimized) —Transfer Efficiency (adequate) —Adaptability (flexible)

9. Flat Spray (Tapered) General Spray Characteristics Hydraulic Atomization Usually installed on a header —Provides uniform coverage - entire target —Overlapping distributions Wide range of low rates (.1 – 10 l/min) Wide range of spray angles (15º – 110º) Typical Applications –Spray Coating –Product Washing –Sheeting or Plate Cooling –Moistening SPRAY PATTERN

10. Flat Spray Nozzles Deflector High Impact Standard

11. Hydraulic app to come

12. Two-Fluid Nozzles General Spray Characteristics Pneumatic Atomization (Internal/External Mix) —Some feature mechanical assist Usually installed on a header —Provides uniform drop size distribution Wide range of flow rate (.1 – 5 lit/min) Typical Applications Humidification Evaporative Cooling Coating Moistening Greenhouse Applications SPRAY PATTERN

13. Two-Fluid Nozzles Internal Mix SPRAY PATTERN LIQUID GAS Air Caps Round Flat Air CapFluid Cap AIR LIQUID AIR LIQUID

14. Two-Fluid Nozzles External Mix SPRAY PATTERN LIQUID GAS Air Caps FlatRound AIR LIQUID AIR LIQUID

16. Current Practice – what we like General Industrial Applications —Traditional Flat Fan Nozzles —Hydraulic Atomization —Low Cost —Overlap (Ideal – optimized) —Drop size (adequate) —Transfer Efficiency (optimized) —Adaptability (rigid) Higher Precision Industrial Applications —Two Fluid Nozzles —Pneumatic Atomization —High Cost —Overlap (adequate) —Drop Size (Ideal – optimized) —Transfer Efficiency (adequate) —Adaptability (flexible)

17. Technology Premise General Industrial and Higher Precision applications —Flat Fan Nozzles —Efficient Atomization —Low Cost —Overlap (Ideal – optimized) —Drop size (Ideal – optimized) —Transfer Efficiency (optimized) —Adaptability (Flexible) Targeted Spray Deposition Minimal Waste

18. Pan Lube System APPLICATIONS

19. Chain Lube System APPLICATIONS

20. Conclusion TO COME