1. Acids and Bases I Chemistry II Milbank High School

2. Acids Taste Sour Sting or burn the skin Turn litmus from blue to red React with metals to produce H 2 React with bases to become neutralized

3. Bases Taste bitter Feel slippery or soapy Turn litmus from red to blue React with acids to become neutralized

4. Arrhenius Theory Acid Ionizes in aqueous solution to form H + ions and anions Base Ionizes into OH - ions Salt Formed from the cation of the base and the anion of the acid

5. Bronsted-Lowry Theory Acid Proton donor Base Proton acceptor

6. Conjugate Pairs Conjugate acid Reactant PLUS a proton Conjugate base Reactant MINUS a proton

7. Strong and Weak Acids Strong acids Completely ionized in water Weak acids Partially ionized Monoprotic Diprotic Triprotic Polyprotic

8. Naming Ends in –ide Hypo –ic acid Ends in –ite -ous acid Ends in –ate -ic acid Is hypo___ite Hypo -ous acid Is per_____ate Per –ic acid

9. Bases Strong bases Completely ionized Weak bases Partially ionized

10. Acidic and Basic Anhydrides Acidic anhydride Nonmetal oxide React with water to form an acid Basic anhydride Metal oxide React with water to form base

11. Neutralization Reactions Acids and bases react with one another to cancel out or neutralize one another Double replacement reactions

12. Reactions with Bicarbonates and Carbonates Produce H 2 O and CO 2

13. Acids, Bases, and Human Health Strong acids and bases Corrosive Damage cells Chemical burns 10 mL of H 2 SO 4 can be fatal 40 billion gallons produced a year…

14. Strong Acids and Bases Con’t Hydrochloric acid Toilet cleaner Remove rust Lime (CaO) 16 billon kilograms produced a year Used in mortar and cement Added to acidic soil Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aka lye Oven cleaner, clogged drains Causes severe burns

15. Acid Rain Natural rainwater: slightly acidic More acidic in thunderstorms Lightning forms nitric acid Acid rain Fossil fuels give off sulfur Sulfur reacts with oxygen to form SO 2 SO 2 reacts with O 2 to form SO 3 SO 3 reacts with H 2 O to form H 2 SO 4 Damage buildings, cars, statues, metals Costs billions of dollars a year

16. Antacids: A Basic Remedy Stomach contains HCl Lining protects stomach, sometimes ulcers develop though Antacids Neutralize stomach acid Contain CaCO 3, NaHCO 3, Al(OH) 3, Mg(OH) 2