2. Matter Properties and Classification AP Chemistry Croatan High School Thanks to David English

3. Matter Matter: Anything that occupies space and has mass Examples of matter include…. Matter does not include ENERGY – Relationship between matter and energy is important

4. Classification Scientists like to classify what they study – Provides order – Produces a standard language

5. Classification in Chemistry Chemists study matter so we need a classification system for matter

6. Kinds of Matter Matter can be subdivided into two types based on how many PHASES exist in the sample

7. Kinds of Matter Phase : A region of matter with a set of unique properties and definite boundaries

8. Kinds of Matter

9. So…. either we have 1 phase or more than 1 phase First question to ask yourself: Is there one or more than one phase?

10. Kinds of Matter Matter One Phase Homogeneous Multiple Phases Heterogeneous

11. Homogeneous Matter The next question that you would ask yourself is: Can the sample of homogeneous matter be separated into parts by physical means? – Two possible answers: yes or no

12. Kinds of Matter Pure Substance Homogeneous Matter CAN IT BE SEPARATED? Homogeneous Mixture Yes NO

13. Kinds of Matter Homogeneous Mixture: A mixture that exists in one phase – Also known as a solution

14. Kinds of Matter Solutions – Two Parts: Solvent: Part of the mixture in greatest amount Solute: Part in lower amount – Can have more than one

15. Kinds of matter

16. Kinds of Matter

17. Solutions – Solutions can contain different amounts of solute per amount of solution Variable composition

18. Kinds of Matter Solutions: – Each part of the solution keeps its own properties – True of all types of mixtures Not just solutions

19. Kinds of Matter

20. Solutions Examples Tea Salt Water Gasoline

21. Kinds of Matter Solutions – Can be separated by Evaporation – Due to components maintaining their own boiling points – Example: Salt water

22. Kinds of Matter Evaporation is a major technique in obtaining salt.

23. Kinds of Matter Pure Substance Homogeneous Matter CAN IT BE SEPARATED? Homogeneous Mixture Yes NO

24. Kinds of Matter Pure Substances Elements Compounds

25. Kinds of Matter ELEMENTS – Made of one kind of particle (atom) – Cannot be broken down to something simpler

26. Kinds of Matter Elements Classified using the Periodic Table – Represented by Chemical Symbols

27. Kinds of Matter

28. Elements: metals

29. Kinds of Matter

30. Elements: Nonmetals

31. Kinds of Elements

32. Kinds of Matter Elements: Metalloids

33. Kinds of Elements

34. Kinds of Matter

35. Compounds – Pure substance composed of 2 or more elements combined in DEFINITE RATIOS

36. Kinds of Matter

37. Compounds Chemical Bond: Force of attraction that holds atoms together to make a compound – Major topic for later Molecule: Multiple atoms held together by chemical bonds. The simplest unit of a compound

38. –L–Law of Definite Proportions: Individual compounds are always composed of the same elements in exactly the same proportion by mass –E–Example: Water is always composed of Hydrogen and Oxygen in a 1 to 8 mass ratio

39. Kinds of Matter Law of Definite Proportions allows us to use chemical formulas to represent chemical compounds. The chemical formula for a compound is constant – Water is always H 2 O, Ammonia is always NH 3

40. Kinds of Matter Compounds: – Parts cannot be separated by physical means (filtration, evaporation…)

41. Kinds of Matter Compounds – When compounds are broken down it is by chemical means – Bonds break,atoms rearrange, new bonds form to give new, pure substances

42. Kinds of Matter

43. Matter One Phase Homogeneous Multiple Phases Heterogeneous

44. Kinds of Matter Big difference in heterogeneous mixtures and homogeneous mixture is particle size – Solutions have particle size in range of atoms and/or molecules – Heterogeneous mixture: particles greater than 1000 nm diameter

45. Kinds of Matter Heterogeneous Mixtures – Variable in composition – Parts of mixture can be separated by physical means Often based on particle size – filtration