1. Tire Tech 101 l What is a tire made of. l What percent of a tire is rubber? l What is a pneumatic tire? l What is the difference between radial & bias ply tires ? l Why are tires black?

2. Actual components that go into a tire. l Raw Rubber l Steel l Nylon l Polyester l Rayon l Carbon Black l Synthetic Rubber l Fiberglass l Aramid l Brass

3. What percent of a tire is rubber? l By weight, give or take 30% l By volume, quite a bite more.

4. What Is Pneumatic Tire? l Filled by air, especially compressed air: a pneumatic tire (dictionary definition). l All tires manufactured today are considered Pneumatic tires.

5. Who Invented The First Tire? l It was invented in 1888, by John Dunlop. l This would be the end of the solid tire.

6. Why are Tires Black? l To protect the rubber from the harmful UV rays. l A common type of UV stabilizer called a competitive absorber is added to capture and absorb these harmful UV light wave energy. l To protect the rubber from the harmful UV rays. l A common type of UV stabilizer called a competitive absorber is added to capture and absorb these harmful UV light wave energy.

7. Bias Ply Tire l A bias ply tire has plies running at an angle from bead to bead. l The cord angle is also reversed from ply to ply. l Tread is bonded directly to the top ply.

8. Belted Bias Tire l Is a bias tire with belts added to increase tread stiffness. l These belts are also ran at a different angle. l These belts only lie on the tread area and not on the side walls, like cords.

9. Radial Ply Tire l Has plies running straight across from bead to bead with stabilizer belts lying directly beneath the tread. l This results in the radial having flexible side wall, but a stiff tread.

10. Tire Sidewall

12. Tire Size

13. l If you switch tire size on a car you can mess up the speedometer to figure out how close you are do the math to figure out the diameter. l For a 205/75R15 tire it would look like this l 205 X.75 x 2 ÷ 25.4 + 15= 27.106 l Tire size X Aspect ratio X 2 ÷ 25.4 + Rim size l 100

14. Aspect Ratio Percentage of tires height in relation to it’s width A 60 series tire height will be 60% of the width. The aspect ratio can be a 40,50, 60,65,70,75,78 These are some of the most common ones.

15. TIRE GRADING TREAD WEAR, assigned a number, 150 will give you 50% more wear then one ranked 100 TRACTION - A, B, C (A Highest rating) TEMPERATURE - A, B, C,

16. Effects of low tire pressure Overinflation

17. Effects of low tire pressure Underinflation

18. Effects of speed on a tire Tires are tested under Laboratory conditions they are not worn out, are properly inflated, not over loaded, damaged or altered. Just because they have a speed rating does not mean the car is safe to drive at those speeds

19. Speed Rating Rating Maximum Speed Q 99 mph S 112 mph T 118 mph U 124 mph H 130 mph V 149 mph W 168 mph Y 186 mph Z Above 149 mph from goodyear

20. Tire Defects l Separations l Bulges l sidewall separations l tread tearing, chunking l shoulder cracking l Sidewall cracking l Weather cracking l Breaks in sidewall/tread l Excessive radial runout –diameter l Excessive lateral runout –width l Conicity –not level accross tread l cone shaped

21. Tire Defects

31. Wheels l steel \ cast l Off set l Bump steer l Scrub Radius –note pages C 311- 313

32. Static balance l C 77 l Equals wheel tramp

33. Dynamic balance l C- 78 l equals wobble

34. Dynamic balance l C- 78 l equals wobble

35. For more information go to

36. The End for this tire