1. Tyre cord
Technical textiles

2. CONTENTS Introduction Parts & structure of tyre cord Function of parts
Classification of tyres
Raw material in tyre cord
Properties of raw material
Structure of tyre cord fabric
Types of tyre cord
Tire cord manufacturing
Manufacturing process
Uses of tyre cord
Advantages of tyre cord
Comparison with other material
New Developments
Cost of tyre cord

3. INTRODUCTION
Tyre is a pressure vessel and cord keeps it dimensionally stable.
Tyres have to carry heavy loads, steel and fabric cords are used in the construction to reinforce rubber compound and provide strength.
Tyre yarns of polyester, rayon, nylon, aramid, glass, or steel are twisted to 5 to 12 turns per inch.

4. PARTS & STRUCTURE OF TYRE CORD
TREAD
RIB
GROOVES
SIPES
SHOULDER
CAP PLIES
STEEL BELT
RADIAL PLIES
BEAD CHAFFER
BEAD
TREAD BLOCK

5. FUNCTION OF PARTS OF TYRE
Tread – it is thick layer (approx mm) of rubber which comes into contact with road.
Rib – it is designed for noise suppression.
Grooves – to traction in all weather, directional control, cool running and all rolling resistance.
Sips – serves as the support for the wheel moving on the road.
Shoulder – upper portion of the side wall just below the tread edge that affects tyre heat behavior and cornering characteristics.
Cap plies – main load baring components layers of fabric cord extending from bead to bead to reinforce the tyre and maintain the shape.

6. FUNCTIONS OF PARTS OF TYRE
Steel belt –located below cap plies to increase tensile strength of tyre. steel belt or layer provides well balanced combination of rubber & fabric. Thickness is 0.2 to 0.38 mm. this are the steel cord plated with copper or zinc.
Radial plies – thin layer of rubber inside the tyre containing compressed air tube.
Sidewall –portion between tread to bead. it is rubber sheet 1.5 to 3.5 mm thick protecting tube from any kind of mechanical or physical damage and moisture penetration.
bead chafer – narrow strip of flex material around the outside of the bead that protects tyre against wear & tear and prevent dirt and moisture from getting into the tyre.
Bead – structure composed of high tensile strength steel wire which holds the tyre assembly onto the rim of the wheel for handling performance.

7. RAW MATERIAL IN TYRE CORD
TEXTILE MATERIAL
VISCOSE RAYON
NYLON 6 & 66
Polyester
ARAMIDE

8. PROPERTIES OF NYLON 66
Nylon 66 tends to form strong interchain hydrogen bonds. This results in a stronger & more crystalline polymer that softens or melts at relatively higher temperature.
It has a higher tenacity and is less subjected to shrinkage.
Better fatigue resistance.
Higher resonance frequency.
No flat spotting.

9. Structure of Tyre Cord Fabric
The tyre cord fabric is comprised of warp cords oriented in the longitudinal direction and weft yarns oriented in the lateral direction. The warp cords are used in reinforcing pneumatic tires.

10. TYRE CORD MANUFACTURING
The cord fabric consists of yarns of a linear density of 500 tex in warp and common cotton yarns with a linear density of tex in weft.
The properties of cord depend on the number of plies of thinner and number of twists to be given in yarn.

11. Processing of Tyre Cord
Most tyre companies produce tyre cord from high tenacity continuous filament yarn supplied by various fiber manufacturers.

12. MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Steps of manufacturing tyre cord-
Spinning- By melt spinning we get filaments.

13. 2. Twisting
Its purpose is to-
To prevent filament breakage.
Improved coherence of yarns.
To improve fatigue resistance.
To improve weaving workability.

14. Cabling- It is done by ply cable
winding machine. Yarn tension
of about 0.02 cN/tex is
recommended.
Weaving- 100 or 1500 cords with 3-1 pick per cm of light Cotton, Rayon, PET yarn threads.
A type of fabric is obtained in one direction of warp as far stronger than in the other direction.

15. Dipping- During Tire cord dipping process an Adhesive was applied & the fabric is treated under controlled condition of time.
After dipping fabric passes through vacuum suction lines to remove the excess dip before entering a drying oven, where water is removed.

16. 6. Vulcanization- It is a process by which rubber is heated with sulphur to create a network of chemical cross-links

17. M/C INFORMATION
Tyre Cord fabric manufacturing is carried out on special looms:-
Heavy power looms TT-160
Automatic loom AT-175K
CTE175-KM

18. Specifications of loom
Loom width cm (approx)
Cloth take-up upto 550 mm or on demand with batching up to 1200 mm.
Single warp beam up to 280 cm
Weft insertion rate up to 550 MPM

19. Tyre comparision Aircraft vs. passenger tyre applications:
Passenger tyre: all-season tyre, which is built to endure long-term wear while providing adequate performance in almost all conditions.

20. TYPE OF TYRE CORD TIRE CORD FABRIC NYLON TIRE CORD STEEL TIRE CORD
POLYESTER TIRE CORD
RAYON TIRE CORD

21. PROPERTIES Nylon tyre cord fabric Optimum reinforcing material
High tenacity
High toughness
Superior fatigue resistance
Good adhesion to rubber

22. PROPERTIES Rayon fabric High initial modulus
Improves testing temper about degree Celsius
Fabric quality is based on its strength, stretch, shrinkage & elasticity

23. Polyester tyre cord fabric
High strength
Low shrinkage
High modulus
Increase extensibility

24. Steel fabric
Tensile strength
Elongation
Stiffness
Superior corrosion resistance
High modulus

25. USES OF TYRE CORD FABRIC
POLYESTER - MAINLY USED FOR PASSENGER CAR AND LIGHT TRUCK RADIAL TYRES.
NYLON- ARE USED AFTER BEGINNING OPERATION OF VEHICLE UTILIZING TYRES.
TO REDUCE PRODUCTION COST.
ARE USED IN TYRES IN TRUCK, BUS & OFF ROAD VEHICLES.
STEEL- IT IS USED INSIDE TYRES.

26. Applications of tyre cord
Automotive
Exterior
Passenger car tires
Bus and truck tires
Earth mover, off the road
Industrial tires
Agricultural / farm tires
Agricultural & excavator tracks
Snowmobile tracks
Motor cycle tires

27. Advantages & uses of tyre cord
Meeting the highest performance, safety, environment and cost criteria
Innovative constructions for a longer tyre life
Enhanced wire-to-rubber adhesion for higher safety
Stronger wires and new cord constructions that lead to lower costs, lower weight and fuel savings

28. Uses of tyre cord Best reinforcement material: reducing friction
Wears between cord threads during compression, bending & stretching
Also greatly improves fatigue resistance, endurance life & pressure holding performance.
Deals with: Geotextiles & civil engineering.

29. Innovative constructions for longer life
Polyester tyre cord fabric:
leads to high break strength, dimensional stability, good in humidity, good creep resistance, high modulus etc.
Deals with: hot water bottles , conveyer belt fabric, high modulus low shrinkage yarn.

30. Market view & price ratio of tyre cord
Market Forecast - Tire Cord and Tire Fabric Mills:
Market forecasts show the long term outlook for the Tire Cord and Tire Fabric Mills industry. The following five-year forecast utilizes advanced econometric techniques that take into account both short-term and long-term industry trends.

31. DEVELOPMENTS & SCOPE OF CORD FABRIC
For high load lifting capacity cord is made for steel yarn.
Cord is manufactured of glass fibers in some countries.
In recent years, cushion cord fabric for these tyre is usually made from stiff fibers with the minimum elongation

32. belts reinforced with kevlar aramid fiber
Improved rubberized fabric sheets used in waterproof covers, flexible storage bins , frictional surface etc.

33. THANK YOU