1. Biotechnology Review

2. What are 2 CONS about biotechnology?
Unpredictable side affect
High prices
Biological weapons
Food allergens
Unexpected environmental impacts

3. GMO’s are also called ________
Transgenic organisms

4. True or False: Labeling of genetically modified foods can best be described as voluntary

5. List 2 examples of transgenic PLANTS
Golden rice
Round up ready corn/soybeans
Venomous cabbage
Banana vaccine

6. What animal was the first to be cloned?
A Sheep

7. When are stem cells extracted
5 days after zygote starts dividing

8. Human Genome Project (HGP)
The mapping and sequencing of all the genes in the human genome that was completed in 2003 is known as the ____
Human Genome Project (HGP)

9. Fragments of DNA that has been cut with restriction enzymes & have unpaired nucleotides at the ends are called _____________
Sticky Ends

10. ______enzymes cut specific sequences of DNA
Restriction

11. __________is the total DNA in the nucleus of each cell
Genome

12. _________DNA refers to the DNA from the two different organisms
Recombinant

13. What enzyme chemically links (bonds) DNA fragments together?
DNA Ligase

14. _______ is a DNA molecule used to carry a gene of interest from one organism to another
Vector

15. The process of rejoining cut fragments of DNA is called __________.
Gene splicing

16. A __________ is a small ring of DNA in a bacterium
plasmid

17. When a "normal" gene is inserted into the genome to replace an "abnormal," disease-causing gene, this is called __________
Gene therapy

18. What are 2 PROS about biotechnology?
Environmentally friendly products
Possible cures for diseases
New vaccines & medicines
Bigger livestock
Disease resistant crops

19. What is the process of creating genetically IDENTICAL copies of DNA/organisms called?
Cloning

20. _______ are cells used to generate virtually any type of specialized cell in the human body.
Stem cells

21. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)
______ are organisms with artificially altered DNA; also called transgenic organisms
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)

22. What was the name of the first cloned organism?
Dolly

23. How many restriction enzymes are needed to make recombinant DNA?1

24. Genetically modified foods
Foods that contain an added gene sequence; foods that have a deleted gene sequence; animal products from animals fed GM feed; products produced by GM organisms are all considered ___________
Genetically modified foods

25. _______ are organisms that contain functional recombinant DNA
Transgenic organisms

26. List 1 PRO about genetically modified FOODS.
Reduced use of chemical pesticides
Less runoff of chemicals into waterways
Greater use of farming practices that prevent soil erosion
Higher profits for farmers
Less fungal contamination
More nutritious foods
Easing of world hunger
Improved crop quality

27. What are the 2 most commonly used vector?
Plasmids, Viruses

28. Provide an example of how humans have used selective breeding.
Dog Breeds
Cat Breeds
Horse Breeds

29. List 2 examples of transgenic ANIMALS
Glow fish
Fast-Growing salmon
Enviro-Pig
Less Flatulent Cows

30. List a risk factor associated with gene therapy.
Unwanted immune response
Targeting wrong cells
Infection caused by viruses
Cause tumors

31. True or False: The Food and Drug Administration has approved human gene therapy products for sale?

32. List 1 CON about genetically modified FOODS.
Insects might develop resistance to pesticide-producing GM crops
Herbicide-tolerant crops may cross-pollinate weeds, resulting in “super weeds”
Soil is being saturated with toxins
Certain gene products may be allergens
Unintended harm to wildlife and beneficial insects

33. _____________ is the process by which desired traits of certain plants and animals are selected and passed on to their future generations.
Selective Breeding