1. Good Samaritan Laws: Laws that protect a rescuer from being sued after giving emergency care Universal Precautions Wash hands before and after giving care Wearing gloves Using a mouthpiece for rescue breaths

2. Steps to control bleeding:
Bleeding Emergencies
Average size adult has 5-6 quarts of blood
Types of bleeding:
Arterial: rapid blood loss from an artery, spurts
Venous: steady from veins, may be life-threatening
Capillary: oozes, easily controlled
Steps to control bleeding:
Direct Pressure
Elevate
Pressure Points
Tourniquet: use only as a last resort

3. Types of wounds: Abrasion Laceration Incision Puncture Avulsion
Scraping of the outer layers of skin
Laceration
Jagged cut
Incision
Straight, smooth cut
Puncture
Stab wound
Avulsion
Tearing of a patch of tissue/skin
Amputation
Cutting off of a body part

4. Stitches Signs of Infection Tetanus Rabies Nosebleeds
Must be placed within 6-8 hours after injury
Helps wound to heal quicker
Infection is less likely
Scarring is lessened
Signs of Infection
Redness
Swelling and warmth
Pus
Fever
Swollen lymph nodes
Tetanus
Also called “lock jaw”
Caused by a virus and is fatal
Can be prevented with vaccination
Need a shot every 7-10 years
Rabies
Carried by warm-blooded mammals
Fatal if not treated with rabies shots
Nosebleeds
Hold head forward and apply pressure

5. Thermal Burns: caused by heat (iron, stove, steam)
Treatment involves running burned area under cool water
DO NOT put ice, butter, vaseline on burn
DO NOT remove clothing that is stuck to the burn
DO NOT break blisters
Assessing the burn:
How large is the burn?
“Rule of Nines” is used by medical personnel to describe the % of body burned
How deep is the burn?
1st degree: mild redness and pain
2nd degree: blisters
3rd degree: all skin layers destroyed
What parts of body are burned?
Face, hands, feet are of major concern
How old is the victim?
Elderly and children are at higher risk for complications
Does the victim have any other medical conditions?

6. Other types of burns Sunburns: caused by the UV rays of sun
Chemical burns: treatment involves running under cool water for 20+ min
Electrical burns: victim will usually have entrance and exit burns on the body and a major concern is heart failure

7. Shock-occurs when the tissues or organs are inadequately supplied with oxygenated blood
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Maintain open airway
Control any bleeding
Elevate the legs 12” in most situations
Cover with blanket to keep victim warm
Do not give victim anything to eat or drink
Eyes are dull, sunken and pupils dilated
Skin is pale, moist, cold
Nausea/Thirst
Pulse is weak or absent

8. Positions for shock
Elevate the feet and legs about 12” for most situations
Elevate the head/shoulders if victim is having breathing trouble, head injury, or possible heart attack
Place victim on his/her side if unconscious
DO NOT move the victim if a neck or spinal cord injury is suspected

9. Types of Shock Hypovolemic Respiratory Psychogenic 4. Septic
severe blood loss
Respiratory
inadequate breathing
Psychogenic
Fainting
Most cases of fainting aren’t life-threatening
Signs are dizziness, nausea, paleness, sweating
4. Septic
severe infection
5. Anaphylactic
severe allergic reaction
Caused by insect stings, injections (medications), ingestion (eating foods such as peanuts, fish, milk), or inhalation (breathing in of dust, pollen, mold)
Treatment requires immediate medical response: Epipen and 911

10. CPR and AED CPR: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Adult: 30 compressions and 2 breaths
Purpose is to circulate oxygenated blood through body
Rescue Breathing: for a victim that is not breathing but has a pulse
AED: Automated External Defibrillator
Purpose is to shock the body in hopes of restarting the victim’s heart rhythm
Choking victim: give abdominal thrusts if victim is not coughing or able to speak

11. Sprains and strains:
R est
I ce
C ompression
E levation