1. Infectious Diseases
Unit 5 Lesson 5 plan

2. Do now
Brainstorm in your table groups –
What’s in a vaccine?

3. They stimulate an infectious agent – without being dangerous
How do vaccines work?
They stimulate an infectious agent – without being dangerous

4. A vaccine tricks the immune system into responding:1. 2 T
cell
The antigen-presenting cell activates the Helper T cell
B cell B
The activated Helper T cell stimulates the
B cell to make memory B cells and antibodies
But the antigen can’t cause disease –
its inert!

5. Four Ways to Make an Inert Antigen
Virus that has
been completely
Inactivated (killed). 1.
Usually done with heat or chemicals
Danger is that they are not all killed

6. Four Ways to Make an Inert Antigen
-The virus can be weakened (attenuated)
-You take away the genes that cause infection or toxins
-Problem is those often code for the antigen as well
-Smallpox made like this
Virus that has
been weakened
(attenuated).

7. Four Ways to Make an Inert Antigen
Virus that has been genetically engineered so it is not infective
(recombinant virus). 4.
Parts of a virus that have been genetically engineered
(recombinant protein) 3.
Four Ways to Make an Inert Antigen
-This is just the antigens themselves
-But they often don’t activate the innate immune system
-So must stimulate the immune system with and adjuvant
-Tetanus made like this

8. Four Ways to Make an Inert Antigen1. 2.
Virus that has been genetically engineered so it is not infective
(recombinant virus). 4. 3.
Four Ways to Make an Inert Antigen
You have control over everything
But that’s a lot of engineering
Currently scientists are trying to make artificial viruses

9. Which antigen would be best?
Virus that has
been completely
Inactivated (killed). 1.
been weakened
(attenuated). 2.
Virus that has been genetically engineered so it is not infective
(recombinant virus). 4.
Parts of a virus that have been genetically engineered
(recombinant protein) 3.

10. This One! Probably the best way since you have control over everything
Virus that has
been completely
Inactivated (killed). 1.
been weakened
(attenuated). 2.
Virus that has been genetically engineered so it is not infective
(recombinant virus). 4.
Parts of a virus that have been genetically engineered
(recombinant protein) 3.
This One!
Probably the best way since you have control over everything
But again it is the hardest

11. What makes a good vaccine?
Brainstorm in your table groups –

12. What makes a good vaccine?
Protection
Sterilizing – Totally prevented or cleared by the immune system vs
Non-sterilizing immunity – Pathogen is controlled and disarmed, but stays in your system
Number of doses
Is one shot enough?
Immunological memory
Do you need to be revaccinated every year?
Practicality
Does it need refrigeration?
Economical
Is it affordable?
What makes a good vaccine?

13. The Great Debate Are vaccines worth the risk?
-Take the rest of the period to prepare for the debate by reviewing the materials
-Be prepared to take both sides of the issue –It is worth the risk and it is not worth the risk
-Remember – everything you say must be based on a source – no opinions!

14. Homework
Study for your test!
(And have a great vacation)