1. Language Department, Office of General Education, Faculty of Hospitality Industry For Excellence in Hospitality Education Arj. Zeph Norrish Principles of Communication Unit 1: Fundamentals of Communication

2. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 2 Objectives Chapter 1 Lecture and Discussion: Following this class you will be able to: Describe language as a mechanism of communication Describe developments in the study of language Understand and use a range of linguistic terms Discuss relationships between language and culture Consider implications for the Hospitality Industry Chapter 1 Case Study Instructor Review Student Q&A

3. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 3 1.4 The Definition of Language The word ‘language’ can have different meanings: The concept of collecting and sending of information A system for those concepts; like French, English, Thai A formal system of rules of grammar A mechanism for communication A system for cooperation The infinite set of utterances for finite elements; animals don’t have this ability

4. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 4 World Languages http://people.umass.edu/~nconstan/201/Language%20Families%20World%20Map.png

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6. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 6 World Languages http://www.everytongue.com/list1-on-line-recordings.htm

7. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 7 1.5 The Study of Language Linguistics, has been developing into a science for more than 2000 years… …from P ā ṇ ini’s ‘Sanskrit’… …to Sibawayh’s ‘Al-kitab fi al- nahw’… …to Plato’s ‘Cratylus dialogue’

8. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 8 1.6 Language and Its Parts Language has three parts: signs, meanings, and codes and is analyzed through the following studies: Semiotics= how signs and meanings are used Syntax= the grammar rules of a system Semantics= meaning of the signs, words, phrases Specific signs are assigned to show those meanings easier…

9. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 9 1.6 Language and Its Parts Phonology studies how we create meaning Phonetics studies how we form sounds Those sounds are phonemes, or syllables: Vowels Consonants

10. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 10 Phonetics for English Consonants (IPA)

11. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 11 Phonetics for Thai Consonants (IPA)

12. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 12 Phonemes - Vowel Sounds Long vowel sounds a e i o u b a t bilabial plosivedental plosive / æ / Short vowel sounds use single vowels use combinations of vowels n i c e / a ɪ /

13. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 13 Phonemes - Vowel Sounds Long vowel sounds use combinations of vowels n i c e r i c e r i d e Alternative spellings : (same sound) f r i e d f i g h t h e i g h t c r y / a ɪ /

14. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 14 Quick Game On the sheet provided: 1.Write as many words as you can using the LONG VOWEL sound provided. 2.Think of different ways to spell the sound and write as many words using these spelling 3.For a bonus point, write a sentence using as many of these words as you can Fay and Jane play on the same day. Nope! I won’t throw the toad! Eve needs to see the team. The cute blue goose flew to the moon.

15. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 15 Considerations / Restrictions We have seen many vowel and consonant combinations (phonemes). However, the construction of English does provide limitations. For example: /ŋ/, as in sing, occurs only at the end of a syllable, never at the beginning such as in Thai ( ngu – snake – งู, or ngoen – money – เงิน ) /h/ occurs only before vowels and at the beginning of a syllable, never at the end (a few languages, such as Arabic, or Romanian allow /h/ syllable-finally) toughdough cough Anomalies bow

16. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 16 1.6 Language and Its Parts Morphemes are meaningful elements in a language. They can either be FREE or BOUND. If they are FREE, they are called WORDS. If they are BOUND, they are called AFFIXES. Two types: PREFIX SUFFIX Positioned BEFORE a word Positioned AFTER a word satisfy dis satisfy ing COMBINATIONS satisfy ing dis

17. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 17 1.6 Language and Its Parts The rules for this use of morphemes is called morphology… Syntax then gives rules for using multiple morphologic forms in a statement structure. WORD AFFIXES (suffixes)

18. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 18 1.6 Language and Its Parts Grammar is the study of the SYSTEM of languages. We then use word classes (or parts of speech) for those grammar rules… such as nouns (the subject of a statement) and verbs (the action). It provides RULES for combining MORPHEMES to create further meaning, through PHRASES and SENTENCES. Sally runs. subject predicate (verb) intransitive (no object) Sally throws a ball. subject verb transitive (has object) object

19. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 19 1.6 Language and Its Parts “the way that words and phrases are put together to form sentences in a language; the rules of grammar for this” Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Syntax Determiner: ‘used to qualify nouns’ e.g., the, a, his, your, two, etc.

20. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 20 Syntax Activity You will be given a complete sentence structure. You must identify/position the ‘syntactic’ components. Using the shaded vocab cards, create a meaningful sentence. Noun Phrase (subject)

21. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 21 1.7 Language and Culture Sentence Noun Phrase (subject) Verb Phrase (predicate) DET Determiner N Noun V Verb NP Noun Phrase PP Prepositional Phrase ADV Adverb Thefathersawhis son instantly DET Determiner N Noun PREP Preposition NP Noun Phrase at DET Determiner N Noun the market

22. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 22 1.7 Language and Culture Language and culture are very closely intertwined. We perceive only what our language allows us. Our language controls our world view. Speakers of different languages have different world views. Studies of language and culture consider: Socio-linguistics Ethno-linguistics Linguistic Anthropology

23. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 23 1.7 Language and Culture Humans use language as a way of signaling identity with one cultural group and difference from others. Languages do not differ only in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar but also ‘speaking cultures’. Language practice can be used based on cultural norms: social classgenderagerank education‘kinship’

24. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 24 1.7 Language and Culture They connect for speech and behavior, like… Formal Conversation (“Yes, I would like some water.”) Informal Conversation (“Yeah, gimme some water.”) Slang (“Yo! I’m dying of thirst o’er ere!”) Hierarchy Vocabulary (“Nong Wit.” or “Pee Wit.”) Gender (“Krup” or “Ka”) Communication must be adapted in order to be understood.

25. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 25 1.7 Language and Culture The Hospitality Industry provides for MORE LANGUAGES AND CULTURES exposure and experience than ANY other! So, it is ESSENTIAL that YOU MAXIMISE YOUR UNDERSTANDING

26. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 26 Summary Describe language as a mechanism of communication Describe developments in the study of language Understand and use a range of linguistic terms Discuss relationships between language and culture Consider implications for the Hospitality Industry Today you have learned how to:

27. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 27 BREAK! Now, take a 30-minute break and then return to the class to work on your term paper focus. Enjoy! Take a break!

28. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 28 Handout Review You will now be given a handout with comprehension questions. Use the book and the notes you’ve taken to answer the questions as best as possible. You have 45-minutes to complete the handouts and return them to the instructor at the end of class.

29. Principles of CommunicationSecond Semester 2013 Slide No. 29 HOMEWORK! Go to the copy shop next to the canteen and get a copy of Unit 2: Ethical Communication. Read Unit 2 and complete sections 2.1 Key Vocabulary and Chapter 2 Review: Case Study.

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