1. UC2008 Pre-conference Seminars 1 Arc Hydro Groundwater Data Model Gil Strassberg (Aquaveo)

2. Pre Conference Seminar 2 Components Geology - Representation of data from geologic mapsGeology - Representation of data from geologic maps Wells and Boreholes – Description of well attributes and borehole dataWells and Boreholes – Description of well attributes and borehole data Hydrostratigraphy – 2D and 3D description of hydrostratigraphyHydrostratigraphy – 2D and 3D description of hydrostratigraphy Temporal – Representation of time varying dataTemporal – Representation of time varying data Simulation – Representation of groundwater simulation models (focus on MODFLOW)Simulation – Representation of groundwater simulation models (focus on MODFLOW)

3. Pre Conference Seminar 3 Geologic maps A geologic map is a cartographic product that portrays information about the geologic character of a specific geographic area Groundwater features are closely tied to geologyGroundwater features are closely tied to geology Geologic maps vary in scale (continental, regional, local)Geologic maps vary in scale (continental, regional, local) Provide a simple data structure to support mappingProvide a simple data structure to support mapping Geology Aquifers Maps from the United States National (http://nationalatlas.gov/).http://nationalatlas.gov/

4. Pre Conference Seminar 4 Geologic map databases “A digitally-compiled collection of spatial (geographically referenced) and descriptive geologic information about a specific geographic area” (Geologic Data Subcommittee, Federal Geographic Data Committee 2006) Standards for archiving geologic map dataStandards for archiving geologic map data Support the development of applications for automating map creationSupport the development of applications for automating map creation ComplexComplexExamples:  North American Geologic Map Data Model (NADM)  National Geologic Map Database (NGMDB)  State geologic map databases (e.g. Geologic Atlas of Texas)  ArcGeology

5. Pre Conference Seminar 5 Geologic map databases Arc Geology: Arc Geology: generic geologic map database implemented within ArcGIS (figure from Raines et al. 2007 Geodatabase design for storing data from the Geologic Atlas of Texas ( Geodatabase design for storing data from the Geologic Atlas of Texas (http://www.tnris.org/news.aspx?id=244 )http://www.tnris.org/news.aspx?id=244

6. Pre Conference Seminar 6 Geology component Map modified from: Geologic map of the Edwards Aquifer recharge zone, south-central Texas. U.S. Geological Survey SIM 2873 GeologyPoint: Point feature (e.g. springs, caves, sinks, and observation points) GeologyLine: Line features (e.g. faults, contacts, and dikes) GeologyArea: Areal features (e.g. rock units and alteration zones)

7. Pre Conference Seminar 7 Demo – Geology

8. Pre Conference Seminar 8 Components Geology - Representation of data from geologic mapsGeology - Representation of data from geologic maps Wells and Boreholes – Description of well attributes and borehole dataWells and Boreholes – Description of well attributes and borehole data Hydrostratigraphy – 2D and 3D description of hydrostratigraphyHydrostratigraphy – 2D and 3D description of hydrostratigraphy Temporal – Representation of time varying dataTemporal – Representation of time varying data Simulation – Representation of groundwater simulation models (focus on MODFLOW)Simulation – Representation of groundwater simulation models (focus on MODFLOW)

9. Pre Conference Seminar 9 Well databases Wells are basic features in groundwater databasesWells are basic features in groundwater databases Attributes of wells describe its location, depth, water use, owner, etc.Attributes of wells describe its location, depth, water use, owner, etc. Data are collected from drilling/construction reports and permitsData are collected from drilling/construction reports and permits

10. Pre Conference Seminar 10 Well databases Well databases store information on wells and related dataWell databases store information on wells and related data Data are related to wells such as construction, water levels, water quality, and stratigraphyData are related to wells such as construction, water levels, water quality, and stratigraphy Usually a central table is used to describe well features and other data are linked to it through key attributes (e.g. state well number)Usually a central table is used to describe well features and other data are linked to it through key attributes (e.g. state well number) Relationships in the TWDB groundwater database

11. Pre Conference Seminar 11 Well The Well location is defined as a 2D point in the Well feature classThe Well location is defined as a 2D point in the Well feature class In the Arc Hydro model we only predefine a set of basic attributesIn the Arc Hydro model we only predefine a set of basic attributes Wells in the Edwards Aquifer

12. Pre Conference Seminar 12 Borehole data 3D data (screens, completion intervals, stratigraphy) is referenced along the well3D data (screens, completion intervals, stratigraphy) is referenced along the well From depth (top) – To depth (bottom)From depth (top) – To depth (bottom)

13. Pre Conference Seminar 13 BoreholeLog table Used to store 3D borehole data related with well featuresUsed to store 3D borehole data related with well features Each row in the table represents a point/interval along a boreholeEach row in the table represents a point/interval along a borehole Data are related with a Well feature through the WellID attributeData are related with a Well feature through the WellID attribute 3D geometry is defined by the TopElev and BottomElev attributes3D geometry is defined by the TopElev and BottomElev attributes

14. Pre Conference Seminar 14 3D features (BorePoints and BoreLines) Can create 3D features representing data in the BoreholeLog tableCan create 3D features representing data in the BoreholeLog table BorePoint is a 3D point feature class for representing point locations along a borehole (e.g. geologic contacts, samplers)BorePoint is a 3D point feature class for representing point locations along a borehole (e.g. geologic contacts, samplers) BoreLine is a 3D line feature class for representing intervals along a boreholeBoreLine is a 3D line feature class for representing intervals along a borehole

15. Pre Conference Seminar 15 Demo – Aquifer, Wells, and Borehole data

16. Pre Conference Seminar 16 Components Geology - Representation of data from geologic mapsGeology - Representation of data from geologic maps Wells and Boreholes – Description of well attributes and borehole dataWells and Boreholes – Description of well attributes and borehole data Hydrostratigraphy – 2D and 3D description of hydrostratigraphyHydrostratigraphy – 2D and 3D description of hydrostratigraphy Temporal – Representation of time varying dataTemporal – Representation of time varying data Simulation – Representation of groundwater simulation models (focus on MODFLOW)Simulation – Representation of groundwater simulation models (focus on MODFLOW)

17. Pre Conference Seminar 17 Hydrogeologic units “Hydrogeologic unit is any soil or rock unit or zone which by virtue of its hydraulic properties has a distinct influence on the storage or movement of ground water” (USGS glossary of hydrologic terms) Hydrogeology can be derived by classifying stratigraphic units Georgetown Fm. (GTOWN) Cyclic + Marine member (CYMRN) Upper confining unit Leached + collapsed member (LCCLP) Regional dense member (RGDNS) Grainstone member (GRNSTN) Kirschberg evaporite member (KSCH) Dolomitic member (DOLO) Upper Glen Rose (UGLRS) Stratigraphic units Hydrogeologic units Pearson Fm. Basal Nodular member (BSNOD) Kainer Fm. Georgetown Fm. Edwards Aquifer

18. Pre Conference Seminar 18 Hydrogeologic unit table HydroGeologicUnit table provides a conceptual description of hydrogeologic unitsHydroGeologicUnit table provides a conceptual description of hydrogeologic units Hydrogeologic units are with an AquiferID such that they can be grouped to represent an aquiferHydrogeologic units are with an AquiferID such that they can be grouped to represent an aquifer Spatial features are indexed with a HGUID to relate to the conceptual representation of the unitsSpatial features are indexed with a HGUID to relate to the conceptual representation of the units

19. Pre Conference Seminar 19 Representations of hydrogeologic units Different spatial representations of hydrogeologic with 2D and 3D objectsDifferent spatial representations of hydrogeologic with 2D and 3D objects Workflow for creating 3D hydrogeologic modelsWorkflow for creating 3D hydrogeologic models

20. Pre Conference Seminar 20 Hydrogeologic unit table Hydrogeologic units are described with different spatial instances (outcrops, borehole intervals, surfaces, cross sections, and volumes)Hydrogeologic units are described with different spatial instances (outcrops, borehole intervals, surfaces, cross sections, and volumes) HGUID is the key attributeHGUID is the key attribute

21. Pre Conference Seminar 21 HGUArea GeoArea feature representing the Kainer hydrogeologic unit GeologyArea features represent data from geologic maps GeologyArea 2D polygons defining boundaries of hydrogeologic units2D polygons defining boundaries of hydrogeologic units HGUArea (conceptual/interpolated boundary) ≠ GeologyArea (mapped outcrop)HGUArea (conceptual/interpolated boundary) ≠ GeologyArea (mapped outcrop) Data points representing top elevations of the Kainer formation

22. Pre Conference Seminar 22 Representation of Cross Sections SectionLine SectionLine defines the 2D cross section GeoSection represent 3D sections as 3D polygons GeoSection represent 3D sections as 3D polygons SectionID of the polygon relates back to the section line SectionID of the polygon relates back to the section line GeoSection 4713 HGUID = 3 A A’ B B’ A A’ B B’ Section B-B’ (HydroID 4667)

23. Pre Conference Seminar 23 Georgetown Glen Rose Kainer Person GeoRasters Raster catalog for storing and indexing raster datasetsRaster catalog for storing and indexing raster datasets Can store top and bottom of formationsCan store top and bottom of formations Each raster is related with a HGU in the hydrogeologic unit tableEach raster is related with a HGU in the hydrogeologic unit table

24. Pre Conference Seminar 24 GeoRasters GeoRasters also store hydraulic properties such as transmissivity, conductivity, and specific yieldGeoRasters also store hydraulic properties such as transmissivity, conductivity, and specific yield K (feet/day) Raster of hydraulic conductivity in the Edwards Aquifer

25. Pre Conference Seminar 25 GeoVolume Objects for representing 3D volume objectsObjects for representing 3D volume objects Geometry is multipatchGeometry is multipatch

26. Pre Conference Seminar 26 GeoVolume Can create the volumes as a set of 3D trianglesCan create the volumes as a set of 3D triangles Not real volume – can’t do any 3D operationsNot real volume – can’t do any 3D operations Volumes in this example were generated in GMS and imported to the geodatabaseVolumes in this example were generated in GMS and imported to the geodatabase Georgetown Person Kainer Volumes in GMS GeoVolumes in the geodatabase

27. Pre Conference Seminar 27 Demo – Hydrostratigraphy

28. Pre Conference Seminar 28 Components Geology - Representation of data from geologic mapsGeology - Representation of data from geologic maps Wells and Boreholes – Description of well attributes and borehole dataWells and Boreholes – Description of well attributes and borehole data Hydrostratigraphy – 2D and 3D description of hydrostratigraphyHydrostratigraphy – 2D and 3D description of hydrostratigraphy Temporal – Representation of time varying dataTemporal – Representation of time varying data Simulation – Representation of groundwater simulation models (focus on MODFLOW)Simulation – Representation of groundwater simulation models (focus on MODFLOW)

29. Pre Conference Seminar 29 Types of time varying datasets Single variable time series – A single variable recorded at a location, such as stream discharge or groundwater levelsSingle variable time series – A single variable recorded at a location, such as stream discharge or groundwater levels Multi variable time series – Multiple variables recorded simultaneously at the same location, such as chemical analysis of a water sampleMulti variable time series – Multiple variables recorded simultaneously at the same location, such as chemical analysis of a water sample Time varying surfaces (raster series) – Raster datasets indexed by time. Each rater is a “snapshot” of the environment at a certain time.Time varying surfaces (raster series) – Raster datasets indexed by time. Each rater is a “snapshot” of the environment at a certain time. Time varying features (feature series) – A collection of features indexed by time. Each feature in a feature series represents a variable at a single time period.Time varying features (feature series) – A collection of features indexed by time. Each feature in a feature series represents a variable at a single time period.

30. Pre Conference Seminar 30 Time series The most basic case is a monitoring device recording values over time (e.g. monitoring well, streamflow gage)The most basic case is a monitoring device recording values over time (e.g. monitoring well, streamflow gage) San Marcos springs Springs San Marcos River Sink Creek San Marcos Monitoring Well (295443097554201 )

31. Pre Conference Seminar 31 Time series TimeSeries table is the basic table for storing time series dataTimeSeries table is the basic table for storing time series data Need to support: what, where, and whenNeed to support: what, where, and when Variables table defines variable objectsVariables table defines variable objects Time (TsTime) Space (FeatureID) Variables (VariableID)

32. Pre Conference Seminar 32 Time series By querying the table we can create different data viewsBy querying the table we can create different data views 2791 TsTime FeatureID VariableID 2 FeatureID VariableID 2791FeatureID VariableID 2 (a)(b)(c)TsTime

33. Pre Conference Seminar 33 Time series views – create time series graph Well HydroID = 2791 FeatureID of the time series = HydroID of the spatial feature (e.g. Well)FeatureID of the time series = HydroID of the spatial feature (e.g. Well)

34. Pre Conference Seminar 34 Time series views – map a variable at a given time Map a certain variable (e.g. water levels) at a given time (e.g. February 2004) FeatureID VariableID 2 TsTime 2/2004 Feet above mean sea level

35. Pre Conference Seminar 35 Data are indexed by space (FeatureID) and by time (TsTime) but instead of one variable we store multiple variables.Data are indexed by space (FeatureID) and by time (TsTime) but instead of one variable we store multiple variables. The column heading is the variable key (VarKey)The column heading is the variable key (VarKey) Variables (VarKey) Multi-variable time series

36. Pre Conference Seminar 36 Multi-variable time series Data are indexed by space (FeatureID) and by time (TsTime) but instead of one variable we store multiple variables.Data are indexed by space (FeatureID) and by time (TsTime) but instead of one variable we store multiple variables. The column heading is the variable key (VarKey)The column heading is the variable key (VarKey) Variables (VarKey)

37. Pre Conference Seminar 37 RasterSeries Raster datasets indexed by timeRaster datasets indexed by time Each raster represents a continuous surface describing a variable for a given time over an area of interestEach raster represents a continuous surface describing a variable for a given time over an area of interest January 1991 January 1992 January 1993

38. Pre Conference Seminar 38 Feature Series A collection of features indexed by time (e.g. particle tracks)A collection of features indexed by time (e.g. particle tracks) Features are indexed by VariableID, TsTime.Features are indexed by VariableID, TsTime. Features can also be indexed with a GroupID. Each group of features creates a track over timeFeatures can also be indexed with a GroupID. Each group of features creates a track over time

39. Pre Conference Seminar 39 Demo – Time Series

40. Pre Conference Seminar 40 Components Geology - Representation of data from geologic mapsGeology - Representation of data from geologic maps Wells and Boreholes – Description of well attributes and borehole dataWells and Boreholes – Description of well attributes and borehole data Hydrostratigraphy – 2D and 3D description of hydrostratigraphyHydrostratigraphy – 2D and 3D description of hydrostratigraphy Temporal – Representation of time varying dataTemporal – Representation of time varying data Simulation – Representation of groundwater simulation models (focus on MODFLOW)Simulation – Representation of groundwater simulation models (focus on MODFLOW)

41. Pre Conference Seminar 41 Representing simulation models Georeference model inputs and outputs (in space and time)Georeference model inputs and outputs (in space and time) Focus on MODFLOW, block centered finite difference grid (nodes are in the center of the cells)Focus on MODFLOW, block centered finite difference grid (nodes are in the center of the cells) Represent 2D and 3D modelsRepresent 2D and 3D models Block-centered finite difference grid

42. Pre Conference Seminar 42 Simulation component Features for representing data from simulation models

43. Pre Conference Seminar 43 Boundary Polygon feature class for representing the extent and orientation of a simulation model

44. Pre Conference Seminar 44 Cell2D and Node Cell2D: polygon feature class that represents cells or elements associated with a two-dimensional simulation model or a single layer of a three-dimensional model Node: point feature class used in combination with Cell2D to represent the model’s mesh/grid. a)Finite element mesh b)Mesh centered finite difference grid c)Cell centered finite difference grid

45. Pre Conference Seminar 45 Cell3D Multipatch feature class that represents three-dimensional cells and elements Used mostly for visualization of 3D modelsUsed mostly for visualization of 3D models

46. Pre Conference Seminar 46 Demo – Simulation (with demo of MODFLOW Analyst)