1. MEASUREMENTS

2. MEASUREMENTS
Lecture # 1

3. MEASUREMENTS Why we do measurements? Example:
Measurements tell you if the part is worn or damaged
Measurements tell you if the parts are out of adjustment or out of specs and by how much.
Example:
Measuring the bore or diameter of engine cylinder

4. MEASUREMENTS Measuring System Metric System(M.K.S) S.I System
Imperial and USC ( United State Customary)

5. Measuring System MEASUREMENTS Metric System Prefixes
Meter(m) for length
Kilogram (Kg) for mass
Second (s) for Time
Prefixes
Kilo means 1000
Deci means 0.10 (one tenth)
Centi (one hundredth)
Milli means (one thousandth)

6. MEASUREMENTS Measuring System Metric System Examples: 1Km = 1000m
1Kg = 1000gm
1Liter = 1000ml

7. MEASUREMENTS Measuring System SI System
The International System of Units (abbreviated SI from the French Système international d'unités) is the modern form of the metric system. It is the world's most widely used system of measurement, both in everyday commerce and in science
The SI was developed in 1960 from the old metre-kilogram-second system

8. MEASUREMENTS Measuring System SI Prefixes SI prefixes SI prefixes
Symbol
10n
Decimal
Short scale
tera T
1012
Trillion
giga G
109
Billion
mega M
106
Million
kilo k
103
1000
Thousand
hecto h
102
100
Hundred
deca da
101 10
Ten
deci d
10−1
0.1
Tenth
centi c
10−2
0.01
Hundredth
milli m
10−3
0.001
Thousandth
micro μ
10−6
Millionth
nano n
10−9
Billionth
pico p
10−12
Trillionth

9. MEASUREMENTS Measuring System USC (United State Customary)
Foot (F) for length
Pound (lb) for weight
Second (s) Time
Conversion
12inches = 1 foot
3feet = 1 yard
1760 yards = 1mile
16 ounces = 1 pound
2000pounds = 1tons

10. Tools and Measurement Basics
MEASUREMENTS
Tools and Measurement Basics
Automotive repairs require the use of a variety of tools and measuring instruments.
These tools are manufactured for use in a particular way, and accurate work and safety can only be assured if they are used correctly.

11. MEASUREMENTS Basic concept for using tools and measuring instruments:
1. Learn the correct uses and functions:
Learn the correct uses and functions of each tool and measuring instrument. If used for any purpose other than that specified, the tool or measuring instrument damaged, and parts may be damaged or the quality of the job may be compromised.
2. Learn the correct way to use the instruments:
Each tool and measuring instrument has defined operation procedures. Make sure to correctly apply tools against workpieces, apply correct force to the tools, and adopt the proper work postures.
3. Select correctly:
There are various tools available for loosening bolts, depending on the size, position and other criteria. Always choose your tools to fit the shape of the part and the place in which the job is being carried out.

12. MEASUREMENTS Basic concept for using tools and measuring instruments:
4.Try to keep organized
Tools and measuring instruments should be positioned so that they can be accessed easily when needed, and replaced in their correct locations once used.
5. Strict adherence to upkeep and management of tools.
Tools should be cleaned and where necessary oiled as soon as they have been used. Any necessary repairs should be carried out immediately, so that tools are always in perfect condition.

13. MEASUREMENTS Basic concept for using tools and measuring instruments:
Points to check before measurement:
1. Clean the part to be measured and the measuring
instrument
Waste products or oil can lead to errors in measurement values. Surfaces should be cleaned before measuring.
2. Choose a suitable measuring instrument
Select the measuring instrument according to the level of precision required. Bad example: Using a vernier caliper to measure the outer diameter of a piston.
Measuring precision:
0.05mm
Required precision:
0.01mm

14. MEASUREMENTS Basic concept for using tools and measuring instruments:
Points to check before measurement:
3. Calibrate zero
Check that zero is aligned to its correct position. Zero is the basis for correct measurement.
4. Maintenance of measuring instrument
Maintenance and recalibration should be carried out regularly. Do not use if broken.

15. MEASUREMENTS Basic concept for using tools and measuring instruments:
Points to be observed when measuring:
1. Fit the measuring Instrument to the part to be measured at a right angle.
Achieve a right angle by pressing the measuring Instrument while moving it against the part to be measured. (For details, refer to individual instructions
for measuring Instruments.)
2. Use an appropriate range.
When measuring voltage or current, begin with a high range and adjust downwards. The measurement value should be read from a dial that is suitable for the range.
3. When reading the measurement value
Make sure your eye level is at a right angle to the dial
and pointer.

16. MEASUREMENTS Basic concept for using tools and measuring instruments:
Points to be observed when measuring:
1. Fit the measuring Instrument to the part to be measured at a right angle.
Achieve a right angle by pressing the measuring Instrument while moving it against the part to be measured. (For details, refer to individual instructions
for measuring Instruments.)
2. Use an appropriate range.
When measuring voltage or current, begin with a high range and adjust downwards. The measurement value should be read from a dial that is suitable for the range.
3. When reading the measurement value
Make sure your eye level is at a right angle to the dial
and pointer.

17. MEASUREMENTS Basic concept for using tools and measuring instruments:
NOTICE:
1. Do not drop or strike, otherwise apply impact. These tools are
precision instruments, and may damage the inside parts for
construction.
2. Avoid using or storing in high temperatures or at high
humidity. Errors in measurement values may occur from use
at high temperature or humidity. The tool itself may deform if
subjected to high temperatures.
3. Clean the tool after use, and put it away in its original
condition. Put the tool away only after it has been cleaned of
oil or waste products. All tools used must be returned in their
original condition, and any equipment with a dedicated case
must be put away in its case. Measuring tools must be stored
in a defined place. If tools are to be stored for a long term,
apply rust protection oil where necessary, and remove
batteries.

18. Measuring Instruments
MEASUREMENTS
Measuring Instruments
Steel Scale
Inside and outside caliper
Vernier Caliper
Micrometer
Dial Gauge
Feeler Gauge
Plasti Gauge
Wire Gauge
Multimeter

19. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Steel scale
Not accurate enough for most of the automotive work

20. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Inside Caliper Outside Caliper
The inside calipers are used to measure the internal size of an object.
Outside Caliper
Outside calipers are used to measure the external size of an object.

21. MEASUREMENTS
Lecture # 2

22. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Vernier Caliper
Vernier Calipers can measure length, outside diameter, inside diameter and depth.

23. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Vernier Caliper PARTS
Inside diameter of measuring jaws
Outside diameter of measuring jaws
Stop screw
Vernier scale
Main scale
Depth measurement
Depth rod

24. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Vernier Caliper Examples of use
Length measurement
Inside diameter measurement
Outside diameter measurement
Depth measurement

25. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Vernier Caliper Reading measurement STEP1
Read the main measuring scale, positioned to the left of the vernier 'zero'. Example A ) 45(mm)

26. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Vernier Caliper Reading measurement STEP2
Read the point, which the scale on the vernier and main measuring scale become aligned. e.g.) 0.25(mm)

27. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Vernier Caliper Reading measurement STEP3
A+B e.g.) =45.25(mm)

28. MEASUREMENTS
Lecture # 3

29. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Micrometer
Application Measures the external diameter / thickness of a part by calculating the proportionate rotation of the spindle in the shank direction.

30. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Micrometer Measuring
(1) Apply the anvil against the item to be measured, and rotate the thimble until the spindle is touching the item gently.
(2) Once the spindle touches gently the item to be measured, turn the ratcher stopper a few times and read the measurement.
(3) The ratcher stopper unifies the pressure applied by the spindle, so when this pressure goes above the specified level it idles.
NOTICE:
The micrometer should be fixed on a stand when measuring small parts.
Search for the position at which the correct diameter can be measured, by moving the micrometer.

31. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Micrometer STEP1:
Read the largest value, which is visible on the scale of sleeve.
e.g.) A 55.5(mm)
Sleeve
Thimble
1mm increments
Base line on the sleeve
0.5mm increments

32. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Micrometer STEP2:
Read the point, which the scale on the thimble and the scale on the sleeve become aligned. e.g.) B 0.45(mm)
Sleeve
Thimble
1mm increments
Base line on the sleeve
0.5mm increments

33. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Micrometer STEP3:
A+B e.g.) =55.95(mm)
Sleeve
Thimble
1mm increments
Base line on the sleeve
0.5mm increments

34. MEASUREMENTS
Measuring tools
Inside micrometer

35. MEASUREMENTS
Lecture # 4

36. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Dial Gauge
Application The up- down movement of the suspended measuring tip is converted into revolutions of long and short pointers. Used for measuring deviation or bends in shafts, and surface oscillation of flanges, etc.

37. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Dial Gauge
Application Types of suspended measuring tip
Long type: used to measure parts in a confined space
Roller type: used to measure convex / concave patterns of tires etc.
Seesaw type: used to measure parts that the pendulum cannot touch directly (vertical deviation of companion flanges)
Flat plate type: used for measuring piston protrusion, etc.
Long pointer (0.01mm / dial increment) .
Short pointer (1mm / dial increment) .
Dial face (Rotate to set indication to zero).
Spindle .
Suspended measuring tip.

38. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Dial Gauge Instructions 1. Measuring
(1)Always use positioned on a magnetic stand. Adjust the dial gauge position and the item being measured, and set the pendulum so that it is at the center of its range of movement.
(2)Rotate the item being measured, and read the deviation of the pointers.
2. Reading measurement value The dial shows a movement of 7 increments. Deviation range: 0.07mm
Long pointer (0.01mm / dial increment) .
Short pointer (1mm / dial increment) .
Dial face (Rotate to set indication to zero).
Spindle .
Suspended measuring tip.

39. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Feeler Gauges
A feeler gauge is a simple tool used to measure gap widths
Feeler gauges are mostly used in engineering to measure the clearance between two parts.

40. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Feeler Gauges NOTICE:
(1) To avoid bending or damaging the tip of the gauge, do not force the gauge into the area to be measured.
(2) Before putting the blades, away, clean the surfaces and apply oil to prevent them from rusting.

41. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Spark Plug Gap Gauge
Application Used for measuring and adjusting the spark plug gap.
Each wires with different thickness are used for measuring the spark plug gap.
The ground electrode is bent by placing it in the groove of the gauge in order to adjust the gap.
1.Gauge 2.Adjustment plates 3.Spark plug gap

42. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Spark Plug Gap Gauge
Adjustment Place the cut-out portion of the adjustment plate over the ground electrode of the spark plug, and bend the electrode to adjust. Do not interfere with the insulation or the center electrode.
Ground electrode
Center electrode
Insulation
Adjustment plate

43. MEASUREMENTS
Lecture # 5

44. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Plasti Gauge Application
Used for measuring the oil clearance of the areas that are tightened with caps, such as the crankshaft journals and crankshaft pins

45. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Plasti Gauge Plastigage Torque wrench
The widest portion of the Plastigage
Crank shaft
Connecting rod bearing
Connecting rod cap
Connecting rod
Oil clearance

46. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Plasti Gauge
Plastigage is made of soft plastic, and comes in three colors, each
indicating a different thickness
Clearance measurement ranges:
Green: ~ 0.076mm
Red: ~ 0.152mm
Blue: ~ 0.229mm

47. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Plasti Gauge Instructions
Clean the crankshaft pin and the bearing.
(2) Cut the plastigauge sleeve with plastigauge to match the width of the bearing.
(3) Place the plastigauge on the crankshaft pin as shown.
(4) Place the bearing cap over the crankshaft pin and tighten it at the specified torque. Do not turn the crankshaft.
(5) Remove the bearing cap and use the scale on the plastigauge sleeve to determine the thickness of the flattened plastigauge. Measure the thickness at the widest portion of the plastigauge.

48. MEASUREMENTS Measuring tools Multimeter
A multimeter or a multitester, also known as a volt/ohm meter or VOM, is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions in one unit.
A typical multimeter may include features such as the ability to measure voltage, current and resistance.