1. Force & Motion

2. Energy, Force, and Motion
identifying energy transformations;
Identifying and analyzing the transfer of heat energy by conduction, convection, and radiation
interpreting a phase diagram; describing and calculating velocity and acceleration;
comparing Newton’s three laws; calculating mechanical advantage; understanding
the work of simple machines
Waves, Electricity, and Magnetism
investigating light and sound phenomena and comparing light to sound; Doppler effect; describing the causes of static electricity; constructing and analyzing
series and parallel circuits; describing the relationship between voltage, current and
resistance and relating electricity and magnetism and common applications

3. SPEED
Describes how fast an object
is moving.

4. Average Speed
distance
Average Speed =
time

5. Velocity
The speed of an object in a certain direction.

6. d Velocity V = t V = velocity (meters/second) d = distance (meters)
speed of an object in a certain direction.
V = velocity (meters/second)
d = distance (meters)
t = time (seconds)

7. Velocity
speed of an object in a certain direction.
seconds 3 1 2

8. Speed=? Velocity=? Total time= 4 seconds B 20 meters 12 meters

9. Numerator 5 12
Denominator

10. Acceleration

12. Acceleration is how quickly velocity changes over time.
X L eh ray shun
Speed 3 1 2
Meters/second

13. Acceleration (Vfinal - Vinitial) ___________ A = time
how quickly velocity changes over time.
(Vfinal - Vinitial)
___________
A =
time

14. Acceleration the change in velocity over time.
change in velocity
Acceleration =
time
(v2 – v1 )
________
Acceleration =
Time
V1 = beginning velocity
V2 = ending velocity

15. The graph below relates speed and time of four cars (1, 2, 3, and 4) traveling along a straight highway.
Which two cars move with zero acceleration?
1 and 4
2 and 3
1 and 2
3 and 4

16. Which of the following is certain to change as a ball accelerates?
mass of the ball
inertia of the ball
velocity of the ball
force acting on the ball

17. What must happen to an object in order to accelerate it?
A net force must be applied.
Some weight must be removed.
Its frictional coefficient must be reduced.
It must contain momentum.

18. Which of these describes the object with the largest acceleration ?
An object with a small change in velocity over a small change in time
An object with a small change in velocity over a large change in time
An object with a large change in velocity over a small change in time
An object with a large change in velocity over a large change in time

19. Scalar
a measurement that does
NOT contain direction.
Egg sample: Speed
Vector
a measurement that contains direction.
Egg sample: Velocity

20. Gravitational Magnetic
Forces of Nature
Gravitational Magnetic

21. Mass and Inertia
The universe
consists of matter
in motion

22. The greater the mass
the harder it is to move.
And . . .
the harder it is to stop moving.

23. Lower mass objects are easier to move . . .and to stop moving.

24. NEWTON’s Laws 1st Law of Motion : An object remains at a
An object remains at a
in a ,until a net force acts on it.
constant speed
straight path

25. An object will remain at a constant speed (unless disturbed).
NEWTON’s 1st Law of Motion is the law of
Inertia
ih ner shah
An object will
remain at a
constant speed
(unless disturbed).

26. the force of a moving body.
momentum
the force of a moving body.
___________
the mass times velocity of an object
p = m • v
Momentum = mass x velocity
(Kgrams) (meters/second)

27. p = m • v Momentum = mass x velocity Higher mass higher momentum
Higher velocity higher momentum
p = m • v

28. Momentum points in the direction of motion.
includes velocity.
So, it has direction.
Momentum points in the direction of motion.

29. Conservation of momentum
When objects collide, all of the momentum goes somewhere.

30. Conservation of momentum
When objects collide, all of the momentum goes somewhere.

31. When objects collide, all of the momentum goes somewhere.
Conservation of momentum
When objects collide, all of the momentum goes somewhere.

32. When objects collide, all of the momentum goes somewhere.
Conservation of momentum
When objects collide, all of the momentum goes somewhere.

33. NEWTON’s
2nd Law of Motion :
An object that has a force acting on it will change its speed (accelerate).

34. f = m•a NEWTON’s 2nd Law of Motion : f = net force (newtons)
f = m•a
force = mass • acceleration
f = net force (newtons)
m = mass (Kilograms)
a = acceleration (meters/second2)

35. f = m•a NEWTON’s 2nd Law of Motion : mass of the club
f = m•a
mass of the club
acceleration of the club
force of the club

36. Net force is the total amount of Force (minus the forces that cancel each other out).
Force of gravity
Force of muscles
Net force

37. When the net force is Zero. -> NO movement
Balanced Forces
When the net force is Zero.
-> NO movement
When the net force is NOT Zero.
-> movement
Unbalanced Forces

38. When all forces are balanced. The net force is Zero.
Static Equilibrium Balanced forces
When all forces are balanced.
The net force is Zero.
There is NO movement.
3 Kg ?
2 Kg

39. 50 N
100 N
50 N
50 N
100 N
50 N

40. Conservation of energy
NEWTON’s
3rd Law of Motion:
Conservation of energy
For every action there is
an equal and opposite reaction.

41. NEWTON’s 3rd Law of Motion: For every action, there is
For every action, there is
an equal and opposite reaction.

42. NEWTON’s 3rd Law of Motion: For every action, there is
For every action, there is
an equal and opposite reaction.

44. Balanced or unbalanced?
Gravity Inertia Friction
Balanced or unbalanced?
Action
Reaction

45. Gravity
balanced UN
BALL
Speed (m/s)
Ground
Time (mSec)

46. Inertia
PUTTER
balanced UN
Speed (m/s)
BALL
Time (mSec)

47. Friction
SKATE
balanced UN
Speed (m/s)
Time (Sec)

48. A car is traveling down a hill
A car is traveling down a hill. Which of the following will affect the amount of energy the car has?
how long the car is
the time of day
how much the car weighs
the color of the car

49. Friction  
the resistive force that occurs when two surfaces travel past each other.
causes physical deformation
generates heat

50. Friction  
the resistive force that occurs when two surfaces contact each other.  

51. Oliver the dog doesn't want to walk in the rain
Oliver the dog doesn't want to walk in the rain. He can make his owner pull harder on the leash to get him out the door by sitting on the vinyl floor. sitting on the tile floor. sitting on the carpeted floor. sitting on the wood floor.

52. Pauline needs to measure the sliding friction of a brick
Pauline needs to measure the sliding friction of a brick. How should she go about doing this?
attach the brick to a string and then to a spring scale and read the force needed to quickly lift the brick off the ground
drag the brick by a string attached to a spring scale so that it gradually speeds up
drag the brick by a string attached to a spring scale along the surface of a table at a constant speed and read the force
hang the brick from a string attached to a spring scale and read the force

53. Sliding friction-the drag force created when the surface of one object slides across the surface of another object.
Sliding Friction Lab
Object
Surface
force (Newstons)

54. terminal velocity gravity will accelerate an object until air resistance (friction) does not allow it to go any faster.
gravity
air resistance

55. In the absence of air resistance, which of these objects will fall at the fastest rate when dropped?
the ball with a mass of 75 kg
the ball with a mass of 25 kg
the ball with a mass of 10 kg
They all fall at the same rate.

56. Pressure is the amount of force exerted over a certain area.
Pressure = Force
Area

57. Pressure = Force (newtons)
Area (m2)
1 Pascal = 1 Newton/meter2

58. Work

59. {
Work
Distance
W = f • d
Force {
Distance

60. Gravitational force
Gravity

61. Gravitational force
Gravity

62. Gravitational force
INCREASES with Mass
DECREASES with Distance

63. All objects in the universe are attracted to each other by the force of
effort.
friction.
gravity.
inertia.

64. Four pairs of objects have the masses shown below
Four pairs of objects have the masses shown below. If the objects in each pair are the same distance apart, the gravitational force between the objects in which pair is greatest?
1 kilogram and 1 kilogram
1 kilogram and 2 kilograms
2 kilograms and 1 kilogram
2 kilograms and 2 kilograms

65. As an astronaut travels from Earth to a space station orbiting Earth, what happens to her mass and weight? Her mass decreases, but her weight remains the same. Her mass increases as her weight decreases. Her mass remains the same, but her weight decreases. Her mass decreases and her weight also decreases.

66. Which hill would you slide down the fastest?
hill A
hill B
hill C
It would take the same time to slide down all of the hills.

67. 50 39.2 29.4 19.6 9.8 Projectile Motion 3 1 2 Velocity (m/s) seconds
forward downward 50
39.2
29.4
19.6
9.8
seconds 3 1 2

68. Projectile
Motion
Velocity (m/s)
forward downward 48 47 46 50 49
39.2
29.4
19.6
9.8
seconds 3 1 2

69. Simple Machines and work
Lever
Inclined plane
Pulley
Wedge
Screw
Wheel and axle

70. Simple Machines Pulley Wheel & Axle Lever Inclined plane Screw Wedge
Gear

72. Simple Machines Pulley Wheel & Axle Lever Inclined plane Screw Wedge
Gear

73. Which activity involves the use of a simple machine?
riding on a seesaw
flying a kite
listening to a radio
skiing down a hill

74. Lever
Wheel/Axle
Pulley
Wheel & Axle

75. Simple Machine
A mechanism that lowers the amount of force needed to do work, by increasing the distance.

76. On which simple machine is a fulcrum found?
pulley
wheel
axle
lever

77. ALL Simple Machines work the same way
Force
Distance x

78. Lever action
2 meters
1 meter
Force= ?
Force=13 N

79. Mechanical
Advantage= final distance
starting distance
9 meters
3 meters

80. Mechanical
Advantage= distance
distance
8 meters
2 meters

81. Which of the following is often used as a lever?
file
nail
saw
crowbar

82. The Wedge

83. The bottom of this light bulb is an example of what type of simple machine?
a lever
a pulley
a screw
a wedge

84. What type of simple machine is used to split things apart?
screw
wheel and axle
wedge
inclined plane

85. What type of simple machine is used to pull a flag up to the top of a flagpole?
screw
wheel and axle
inclined plane
pulley

86. Pulley Lab
A fixed pulley
B movable pulley
C double pulley (end in top)
D double pulley (end in bottom)

87. Force of the weight ONLY.
Pulley Lab
DO THIS FIRST!
Hook on
Bottom
dude !
Force of the weight ONLY.
fixed pulley B. movable pulley
C. double pulley (end in top) D. double pulley (end in bottom)
Get out your own sheet of paper
1. Write down the force of the weight (newtons).
2. For each pulley system write down the NEW force of the weight.
Pull the string exactly 20 cm.
Write down the distance (cm) that the weight moved.
Calculate the mechanical advantage.

88. BIG Teeth=16 small Teeth =8 16:8 2:1
Gear Ratio
So, the small gear spins TWICE AS FAST as the big gear.

89. calculating mechanical Advantage
A 200 pound man lifts a rock weighing 800 pounds by standing on the end of a lever. How much mechanical advantage did the lever provide ?
            
calculating
mechanical
Advantage
M.A. = 800 Kg/200 Kg = 4

90. If you wuz ‘n a
Merry-go-round
& yuz let go,
Which wayz wud yu go?

91. The inward force on a spinning object, that stops it from going in
Centripetal force
The inward force
on a spinning object,
that stops it
from going in
a straight line.
Perpendicular

92. Centripetal force

93. Centripetal force
sen tripit ul
The inward
force
on a
Spinning
object.

94. Centripetal force
The
inward force
on a
Spinning
object.

95. Satellites stay in place as they orbit because of . . .
the repeated firing of rocket boosters.
the gravitational pull of Earth.
a narrow path through the vacuum of space.
solar panels generating energy to hold them in place

96. The End Panther Productions Produced by Jake Israel
Directed by Jake Israel
Original Story by Jake Israel
Screenplay Jake Israel
Engineer Jake Israel
Photo enhancement Jake Israel
Casting Jake Israel
Editor Jake Israel
Custom animation Jake Israel
Location manager Jake Israel
Special Effects Jake Israel
Field research Jake Israel
© 2009
All rights reserved.
Panther Productions

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