1. 1 1 Title The Tire Industry Project Tires Road Wear Particles (TRWP) – Update on PM2.5 Study Julie Panko Principal Health Scientist Cardno ChemRisk, LLC March 2015

2. 2 Tire Industry Project (TIP) Eleven global tire companies representing 70% of tires produced worldwide o Three co-chair companies: Bridgestone, Goodyear, Michelin o Technical support provided by ChemRisk, LLC, scientific consulting firm. o Project management by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development Goal : Anticipate the potential long term environmental and health issues relating to tire materials and Tire & Road Wear Particles that could impact the tire industry globally

3. 3 Background Contribution to ambient PM 10 from TRWP was found to be negligible (<1% on average) Public authorities concerns are now more and more focused on PM 2.5 rather than on PM 10 therefore a study was designed to measure TRWP in the PM2.5 fraction of ambient air

4. 4 Global PM2.5 Sampling Program Objective: Quantify TRWP in ambient PM2.5 to understand contribution to total PM2.5 and variability. Status: Sampling in 2 of the 3 cities is complete (Los Angeles and Tokyo) and study in London is underway. Next Steps: Finish the sampling in London and analyze the samples.

5. 5 Sample Results for Greater Los Angeles Overview - Los Angeles: – Sampling was conducted from July 15 - 23, 2014. – Six locations were established LA-1: Pico Rivera LA-2: Compton LA-3: Anaheim LA-4: Exposition Park LA-5: Long Beach LA-6: Mira Loma – TRWP was consistently detected in the samples from LA-1, but not the other locations. – TRWP ranged from 0.19 – 1.3% of total PM2.5 at LA-1. ① Pico Rivera ② Compton ③ AnaheimExpo park ④ ⑤ Long Beach ⑥ Mira Loma http://www.mapquest.com/us/ca/los-angeles

6. 6 TRWP – Los Angeles Sampling Sample Number Total PM2.5 (ug/m3) TRWP in PM2.5 (ug/m3) % TRWP Traffic Counts (x 1000) LA-1: Pico Rivera7.070.0420.5920-255 LA-2: Compton5.00N.D.*N.D.1-225 LA-3: Anaheim6.14N.D. 256 LA-4: Exposition Park12.9N.D. 25-288 LA-5: Long Beach6.26N.D. 20-280 LA-6: Mira Loma10.9N.D. 18-362 Average8.1N.D. level --- Sampling was conducted from July 15 - 23, 2014. TRWP was only detected in the sample of “Pico Rivera”. Total PM2.5 was very low. ① Pico Rivera ② Compton ③ AnaheimExpo park ④ ⑤ Long Beach ⑥ Mira Loma http://www.mapquest.com/us/ca/los-angeles * N.D. = Non Detected

7. 7 Sample Results for Greater Tokyo Overview - Greater Tokyo – Sampling was conducted from July 15 - 23, 2014. – Four locations were established Site A: Kawasaki city, Kanagawa Pref. (PM2.5 and PM10) Site B: Setagaya ward, Tokyo, Ring road No.8, (PM2.5 and PM10) Site C: Machida city, Tokyo, Suburban way (PM2.5) Site D: Shinagawa ward, Tokyo, Route 15 (PM2.5) – Total PM2.5 was lower than expected and ranged from 10- 15 ug/m3 ① Kawasaki ③ Shinagawa ④ Machida ② Setagaya http://www.mapquest.com/maps?city=Tokyo&country =JP

8. 8 TRWP – Tokyo Sampling Sample Number Total PM2.5 (ug/m3) TRWP in PM2.5 (ug/m3) % TRWP Traffic Counts (x 1000) TKO-1: Kawasaki15.20.0230.1837 TKO-2: Setagaya11.60.0380.3366 TKO-3: Machida11.20.0120.1016 TKO-4: Shinagawa12.00.0150.1352 Average12.50.0220.18--- Sampling was conducted from September 10-26,2014. TRWP was lower than expected and ranged from 10-15μg/cm3. Average contribution of TRWP to total PM2.5 was 0.18%. ① Kawasaki ③ Shinagawa ④ Machida ② Setagaya http://www.mapquest.com/maps?city=Tokyo&country=JP

9. 9 TRWP – London Sampling Sample Number Total PM2.5 (ug/m3) TRWP in PM2.5 (ug/m3) % TRWP Traffic Counts LON-1: Marylebone Road LON-2: Brent LON-3: Camden LON-4: Blackwall Tunnel LON-5: GW*, Westhorne LON-6: GW, Bexley LON-7: North Kensington Average *GW = Greenwich Sampling will be conducted by the end of March, 2015 with the collaboration with Kings College. Sampling will be carried out at 6 locations Results from London’s sampling : june 2015.

10. 10 London Site 1 – Marylebone Road - Distance from road: 2m Traffic count: 71,073/day Site 2: Brent, North Circular Distance from road: 2m Traffic count:84,300/day Site 3: Camden, Swiss Cottage Distance from road: 1.5m Traffic count:39,549/day Site 4: Tower Hamlets Blackwall Distance from road: 4m Traffic count: 73,968/day 2 1 3 4

11. 11 London Site 5: Greenwich, Westhorne Distance from road: 12m Traffic count: 36,157/day Site 6: Greenwich Bexley; A20 Distance from road: 12m Traffic count: 98,132/day Site 7: Urban Background (North Kensington) Distance from road: ~60m from major roads Traffic count: not available 5 6 7

12. 12 Discussion