1. Population Key Issue 1

2. POPULATION & MIGRATION MOVEMENT AND DIFFUSION

3. Deep Thought Million vs Billion Your rich uncle has just died and has left you one billion dollars. If you accept the money you must count it for eight hours a day at the rate of one dollar per second. When you are finished counting, the billion dollars will be yours and only then may you begin to spend it. Should you accept it?

4. Deep Thought No way--95 years! What if it were a million dollars with the same parameters? Sure--34 days

5. Why study population? Changes in generations--How many siblings in your family? Parents? Grandparents? Geographers want to know where and why population is – Food supply – Pollution – Economic growth

6. Why study population? More people alive that ever before Population increased at a faster rate second half of the 20th century than ever before Virtually all population growth is in LDCs – What’s the problem?

7. Demography Study of statistically how people are distributed spatially, and by age, gender, occupation and fertility. Remember, geographers are always interested in where and why Where growing, when growing, why growing

8. Major Population Centers 2/3 of population: – East Asia – South Asia – South East Asia – Western Europe

9. World Population Distribution

10. Koppen’s Climate Zones

11. What do these places have in common? Near oceans or rivers Not in the interior of continent Low lying Fertile soil Temperate climate (b/w 10*N and 55*N-- except SE Asia) 2/3 of world population within 300 miles of ocean--increases to 4/5 at 500 miles

12. East Asia China, Japan, North and South Korea, Taiwan 1/5 of world pop. (5/6 in China) China- more agrarian (2/3 of pop) Japan and Korea- more urban (3/4 of pop)

13. East Asia Population Density

14. South Asia India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal 1/5 of the world’s pop (3/4 in India) 3/4 agrarian

15. South Asia Population Density

16. South East Asia Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, Phillipines Indonesia-World’s 4th largest country High percentage of people in rural areas

17. South East Asia Population Density

18. Europe 4 dozen countries 1/9 of world pop From Monaco to Russia Live in cities, less than 20% farmers Europeans do not produce enough food for themselves Trade and colonization

19. Europe Population Density

20. Ecumene The portion of Earth’s surface permanently occupied by humans Changes over time—how??? Approximately 3/4s of the world’s population live on only 5% of Earth’s surface – Remember the apple? – Where can humans not live?

21. Changes to Ecumene--5000 B.C.

22. Ecumene-- A.D.1

23. Ecumene--A.D. 1500

24. Ecumene--A.D. 1900

25. POPULATION 6.9 billion people 85% of population live in LDC’s Just over 50 % of population live in urban areas

26. DENSITY Density – number of people per square mile (also Arithmetic)-- answers “where” Agricultural - # of farmers per unit of arable land--answers “why” Physiological - # of people per unit of arable land--answers “why”

27. Arithmetic Population Density Fig. 2-4: Arithmetic population density is the number of people per total land area. The highest densities are found in parts of Asia and Europe.

28. Physiological Density Fig. 2-5: Physiological density is the number of people per arable land area. This is a good measure of the relation between population and agricultural resources in a society.

29. How about Egypt as an example – A.P.D. – 190 / mile P.P.D. – 6,319 / mile (in 2004) Egypt is said to be the most densely populated country in the world in terms of “useable land”

31. Population growth has placed stress on environment Farms and erodes soils Fishes and depletes oceans Mines and consumes minerals/fuels Builds and cuts/destroys forests All of this made more problematic by 4-fold pop. increases in 20 th century And for context…only 30% of earth is land. Only fraction (1/3) of that is habitable/arable

32. How 7 Billion Occurs http://www.npr.org/2011/10/31/141816460/ visualizing-how-a-population-grows-to-7- billion http://www.npr.org/2011/10/31/141816460/ visualizing-how-a-population-grows-to-7- billion

33. STATUS OF WOMEN Pop. reduction responsibilities have fallen largely on women WHY? – Because low status = fewer rights Female infanticide/abandonment Education of women FACT – there is an inverse proportion of education level of women and population pop. growth