1. Writing Short Stories Workshop 3 Moving on – Groups and Competitions July 7 2105

2. Agenda / Objectives for today (1) Reminder of what we did in W1 and W2 Stories and collections to read (3) Brief reminder of "Top Tips" and Chekhov’s 6 Principles (6) Notes from W2 – character, opening lines, endings (2) Setting up a writing group (10) Practice discussing a sample short story (6+10+10) Submitting for competitions, magazines, anthologies (5) Editing sources (2) Websites for further information (including 3x slides) Questions? (5)

3. W1 Reading Short Stories – Greats Anton Chekhov – Misery http://commapress.co.uk/resources/online-short-stories/misery-anton-chekhov James Joyce – Eveline http://www.online-literature.com/james_joyce/959/ Franz Kafka – The Metamorphosis http://www.kafka.org/index.php?id=162,164,0,0,1,0 Katherine Mansfield – The Fly http://commapress.co.uk/resources/online-short-stories/the-fly Ernest Hemingway – Hills Like White Elephants http://liternet.bg/publish24/e_hemingway/hills.htm Flannery O’Connor – A Good man is Hard to Find http://www.openculture.com/2012/05/rare_1959_audio_flannery_oconnor_reads_a_good_man_is_hard_to_find.html JD Salinger – A Perfect day for Bananafish http://www.nyx.net/~kbanker/chautauqua/jd.htm William Trevor – The Ballroom of Romance Raymond Carver – Cathedral John Cheever - Reunion

4. W1 Reading Short Stories – Contemporary 20 Recommended authors Rodge Glass (EHU) Ailsa Cox (EHU) Carys Bray (EHU) Kirsty Gunn Infidelity (won EH prize 2014) Kevin Barry Dark Lies the Island (EH prize 2013) Anneliese Mackintosh Hilary Mantel Helen Simpson David Constantine Zoe Lambert John McGregor John Burnside Rachel Trezise Miranda July Michel Faber Wells Tower Adam Marek Ethan Coen Alice Munro Margaret Atwood Publishers and anthologies Comma Press http://commapress.co.uk/http://commapress.co.uk/ – Biopunk – science link – various other anthologies – read their entire catalogue Unthank - Unthology 1,2,3,4,5,6, (7) Granta – various anthologies (UK) McSweeney – new writers (USA) Salt – annual winners of Scott Prize Freight – several new writers

5. W1 Top Tips (not rules) 1.NARRATIVE Have a beginning a middle and an end. First and last paragraphs are critical. 2.PLOT The plot arc can be simple in a short story. Start just before the key incident. Often one event only. 3.CHARACTER It is widely accepted that short stories are about the lost and lonely, “submerged populations.” 4.MOTIVE What motivates people? Sex or money. Stories are about what someone wants/needs/ lacks. 5.CONFLICT What stops the protagonist getting what they want? What could go wrong? Conflict = emotion. 6.POINT OF VIEW Be consistent. Who is holding the camera? Show how others react not just the viewpoint of the protagonist. 7.SO WHAT? Write something you would read. The contract with the writer is that the reader expects to be told something. 8.QUESTIONS WHO WHAT WHEN WHERE WHY Like all journalism use these as prompts. 9.SHOW DON’T TELL Action is usually better than exposition. Avoid saying what people feel. What does anger, sadness, look like? 10.DIALOGUE Make it sound real. Short. Read it aloud. Dialogue must reveal character or plot. Avoid “As you know, Bob.” 11.DESCRIPTION Don’t overdo it. Use concrete and specific details. Unusual images can be very effective. Use all the senses. 12.THERE ARE NO RULES Characters in stories can do anything. They can fly, be invisible, time travel. One impossibility is best. 13.HOOKS (often start) Show some action first. Make the reader a promise. Ask a question. 14.TWISTS (often end) The Oh My God! Can be external or internal (modern.) 15.OWNERSHIP Write what you know. Better still write something only you could have written. AND Sell your heart (Acknowledgment: Half of this list comes from a lecture by Professor George Green at Lancaster University)

6. You’ve got to sell your heart Late-1938, eager to gain some feedback on her work, aspiring young author Frances Turnbull sent a copy of her latest story to celebrated novelist and friend of the family, F. Scott Fitzgerald. (Source: F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Life in Letters; November 9, 1938 Dear Frances: I've read the story carefully and, Frances, I'm afraid the price for doing professional work is a good deal higher than you are prepared to pay at present. You've got to sell your heart, your strongest reactions, not the little minor things that only touch you lightly, the little experiences that you might tell at dinner. This is especially true when you begin to write, when you have not yet developed the tricks of interesting people on paper, when you have none of the technique which it takes time to learn. When, in short, you have only your emotions to sell. This is the experience of all writers. It was necessary for Dickens to put into Oliver Twist the child's passionate resentment at being abused and starved that had haunted his whole childhood. Ernest Hemingway's first stories "In Our Time" went right down to the bottom of all that he had ever felt and known. In "This Side of Paradise" I wrote about a love affair that was still bleeding as fresh as the skin wound on a haemophile. The amateur, seeing how the professional having learned all that he'll ever learn about writing can take a trivial thing such as the most superficial reactions of three uncharacterized girls and make it witty and charming—the amateur thinks he or she can do the same. But the amateur can only realize his ability to transfer his emotions to another person by some such desperate and radical expedient as tearing your first tragic love story out of your heart and putting it on pages for people to see. That, anyhow, is the price of admission. Whether you are prepared to pay it or, whether it coincides or conflicts with your attitude on what is "nice" is something for you to decide. But literature, even light literature, will accept nothing less from the neophyte. It is one of those professions that wants the "works." You wouldn't be interested in a soldier who was only a little brave. In the light of this, it doesn't seem worthwhile to analyze why this story isn't saleable but I am too fond of you to kid you along about it, as one tends to do at my age. If you ever decide to tell your stories, no one would be more interested than, Your old friend, F. Scott FitzgeraldF. Scott FitzgeraldF. Scott Fitzgerald: A Life in Letters

7. W2 Chekov’s 6 Principles of a good story 1.Absence of lengthy verbiage of a socio-political nature 2.Total objectivity 3.Truthful descriptions of persons and objects 4.Extreme brevity 5.Audacity and originality: flee the stereotype 6.Compassion

8. W2 Editing Checklist Writing style, quality, English Plot, purpose, story Character, point of view, voice Description Dialogue Beginning End Impact

9. W2 Endings (outputs) Twists Not obvious Life goes on Change Conclusion v want more Realisation – epiphany / internal change Character-led (not plot-led)

10. W2 Character (outputs) Tragic One well-rounded protagonist Stereotypes (maybe okay for secondary people) Complex Engaging Sympathetic / empathetic Emotional Marginalised The idea can be a character

11. Setting up a Writing Group 5-8 is a probably the best number of members Aim to look at 2- 4 pieces each time, rotate Have a regular time, place, frequency – monthly? Agree a submission time – a week before Agree a word limit – say 2,000 words as a guide Members must be committed / regular Don’t bother with membership, subs etc. Agree that truth is better than a compliment Stick to discussing the text – don’t get personal

12. Practice – discuss a piece of writing Let’s look at a random start of a short story – Harmony and the Black – Amateur student, not published Read the story aloud (1,000 words - 5 minutes) Discuss in two small groups of 4-5 10 mins – Use the editing checklist Share our thoughts in plenary 10 mins

13. Advice about competitions Writing – THERE ARE NO RULES Submitting – FOLLOW THE RULES – Word length – Format, font etc – Biog / intro – Avoid name in story / anonymity Don’t aim too high at first Check yourself – is it the best it could be?

14. Where to find competitions http://www.christopherfielden.com/short-story-tips-and-writing- advice/short-story-competitions.php http://www.christopherfielden.com/short-story-tips-and-writing- advice/short-story-competitions.php http://shortstops.info/ http://paulmcveigh.blogspot.co.uk/ http://blogs.chi.ac.uk/shortstoryforum/ http://www.thewordfactory.tv/site/june-round-up-of-news-and- opportunities/ http://www.thewordfactory.tv/site/june-round-up-of-news-and- opportunities/ http://www.westlothianwriters.org.uk/competitions-and-submissions- june-2015/ http://www.westlothianwriters.org.uk/competitions-and-submissions- june-2015/ Follow these on twitter or add yourself to their mailing lists and you are unlikely to miss any short story competition, event or news. Writers and Artists Yearbook still exists

15. Some example competitions BIG competitions: The Bridport Prize BBC Short Story Sunday Times EFG Costa Fish (Ireland) Bristol Bath Manchester NB: Expect to pay £5-£17.50 Don’t expect to win! Forget Big Publisher Inc. The MacGuffin https://macguffin.io/signup/ Other competitions: Words With Jam (book) Unthology (books) Unthank Books o Open for submissions Lancashire Evening Post Readers Story o Limited editorial resource Southport Writers Circle Chorley & District Writers Circle The Short Story Magazines: London Magazine AMBIT Aesthetica Synaesthesia

16. Editing Services Best option – MA (at EHU for short stories) Second choice – join / start a writing group If no other option is available or for final review before publishing or really stuck – pay a professional editor from £40. Examples: – https://literaryconsultancy.co.uk/ https://literaryconsultancy.co.uk/ – http://www.hylandbyrne.com/ (Anneliese Mackintosh) http://www.hylandbyrne.com/ – https://cwartistsway.wordpress.com/ (Sarah Dobbs) https://cwartistsway.wordpress.com/ – http://www.wildlandliteraryeditors.com/ http://www.wildlandliteraryeditors.com/ – http://www.fictionfeedback.co.uk/ (JR is on their list) http://www.fictionfeedback.co.uk/

17. Questions / Discussion ?