1. Narcotic Analgesics (Opiates)
Wendy McGurk

2. What are opiates Opium poppy, has been cultivated throughout history
6000 Sumerian tablet has an ideograph for the poppy shown as “joy” + “plant”
Egyptions listed opium along with 700 other medicines in the Ebers Papyrus
The Greek god of sleep, Hypnos & and the Roman god of sleep, Somnus were portrayed carrying containers of opium pods

3. What are Opiates (cont.)
Opiates are a class of drug that acts primarily on the bodies opiate receptors.
Opiates are classified as a narcotic
Opiates act by depressing the CNS
Opiates are used primarily for there analgesic effects, but also for there cough suppressant properties.

4. There are Three different Types of Opiates
The naturally occurring opiates are those which are found in the opium resin of the opium poppy.
The semi-synthetic opiates are derived from the naturally occurring opiates and opium alkaloids.
Synthetic opiates are synthesized from other chemicals and molecules that are not from alkaloids found in opium

5. Common Narcotics (Opiates)
Heroin (illegal) Hydromorphone
Morphine Propoxyphene
Methadone Meperidine
Oxycodone Hydrocodone
Codeine Diphenoxylate
Tramadol Opium tincture
Fentanyl Buprenorphine

6. Street Names
Heroin: Horse, Smack thunder, Chiva, Hell Dust, Big H, Black tar,
Morphine: Dreamer, Morpho, Miss Emma, Monkey, Unkie, Mister Blue
Codeine: Schoolboy, Cough syrup, T-three’s
Hydrocodone: Vikes, Viko, Norco, Hydro.
Oxycodone: Hillbilly Heroin, OC, Oxy, Roxy

7. Therapeutic Uses of Opiates
Most common is use to relieve pain
Including visceral, and somatic
Internal organs and skeletal (bones, muscle, teeth)
Suppress the coughing center of the brain
Cough medicine
Slow movement of materials in intestines
Treat severe diarrhea
Treatment of opiate addiction

8. Physiological Effects
Opiates general slow breathing, heart rate, and brain activity.
Opiates depress appetite, thirst, and sexual desire.
Body’s tolerance to pain is increased
Use of unsterile needles can lead to Hepatitis, Tetanus or AIDS.

9. Side effects Shallow breathing Drowsiness Lethargy
Needle or track marks on inner arms or other parts of the body.
Nodding out
Constricted pupils
Withdrawal symptoms
Redness or raw nostrils from sniffing heroin

10. Withdrawal effects Flu-like symptoms/fever Craving for the drug
Exaggerated pain responses
Agitation/anxiety/insomnia
Stomach cramps/vomiting/diarrhea
Joint/muscle aches/twitches
Runny nose/perspiration/tears
Flu-like symptoms/fever
Craving for the drug
High blood pressure
Hot/cold flashes
Withdrawal effects usually starts 6 to 12 hours after last dose.
Isn’t fatal, but feels like you are dying.

11. People who use opiates have significantly higher rates of
These are higher risks when sharing needles
Intravenous and intramuscular
Bone Fractures
Cardiovascular events
Kidney disease
Gastrointestinal events
HIV or AIDS
Hepatitis B & C

12. Treatment
The primary method of treating and managing opioid addiction and dependence has been with the use of other opioid drugs.
These replacement drugs function to essentially wean the user off of opioid use.
Suboxone and Methadone

13. Treatment Buprenorphine Vivitrol (extended form release of naltrexone)
Rapid Detox
Alcoholic Anonymous
Narcotics Anonymous
Counseling

14. 6 ways to see if your child may be an opiate addict
if you are missing prescription medication in your house
Falling asleep at very odd times during the day then this could also be a sign of opiate addiction
Your child will have the need to get high all the time, so be on the lookout for missing electronics or other items of value in your house.

15. 6 ways to see if your child may be an opiate addict (cont.)
having a hard time at school and this includes socializing less with friends or maybe they have lost friends or failed a class.
Watch how much money your child goes through in a typical week and pay attention to amounts of money that they might ask you for
pay attention to the physical signs of opiate addiction especially relating to intravenous injection of drugs like Heroin. Look for obvious signs such as track marks

16. You can find help
For some addicts, the beginning of treatment is detoxification
No single approach to detoxification is guaranteed to be best for all addicts
If you think you are addicted you should be evaluated by a mental health professional as soon as possible. Or you can look at a newspaper and find your local Narcotics Anonymous meetings, and someone there can help you find your path.

17. References
NIDA Treatment for Opiate Addiction, treatment-opiate-addiction-right-in-doctors-office
Opiate Use has Long-Term Health Risk, pose-long-term-health-risks-/
Opiate Abuse,
Drug Fact Sheet,
Types of Opiates,
Drugs and Society, Hanson, Venturelli, Fleckenstein, (2012).